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ARTICLE · 03 JULY 2026

债权人如何应对美国Chapter11破产程序

Jincheng Tongda & Neal
Jincheng Tongda & Neal
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Jincheng Tongda & Neal

Jincheng Tongda & Neal

JINCHENG TONGDA & NEAL (JT&N) was founded in Beijing in 1992. JT&N has distinguished itself as a...

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When U.S. companies file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Chinese suppliers often find their accounts receivable listed as bankruptcy claims with minimal recovery prospects. Understanding the critical vendor system, timely claim filing procedures, and strategic actions during bankruptcy proceedings can significantly impact a supplier's ability to maximize debt recovery and protect their commercial interests in these complex cross-border insolvency situations.

ChinaInsolvency/Bankruptcy/Re-Structuring

近年来,美国公司根据美国法典第11章(Chapter11)提起破产的案件并不少见,比如,美国著名零售商Sears、美国快时尚零售商Forever21和美国家居用品零售商Bed Bath & Beyond等都曾提起第11章破产申请。近年,美国厨电新秀品牌Instant Brands、美国知名饰品零售商Claire’s、美国知名廉航公司Spirit Airlines、扫地机器人行业鼻祖iRobot等也纷纷提起了第11章破产申请。由于这些零售商和著名品牌往往从中国采购很多产品,而中国供应商向这些零售商和品牌商供货时也往往会提供一定账期,一旦有美国零售商或品牌商提起破产申请,就经常会出现大批中国供应商的应收账款被列为破产债权的现象,而这些中国供应商很有可能最终只能从有限的破产财产中获得很少部分的清偿。

第11章破产制度是为了使困境企业在提起第11章破产申请后通过“设计”或重整以获得“重生”,同时尽可能保障债权人和所有人利益。那么,中国供应商作为债权人得知其客户提起美国第11章破产申请后,应当如何最大程度维护其权益,需要注意哪些事项?

01.破产申请前所形成的应收账款应对处理

美国破产法对于债权清偿的优先顺序可以归纳为:担保债权、行政费用(如律师费和破产财产管理费等)、优先无担保债权(如工资、税费等)以及普通的破产前无担保债权。一般来说,中国供应商在客户申请第11章破产前对客户产生的债权往往属于清偿顺序中最末位的普通无担保债权。如何能更好地收回该等破产前的应收账款?

一般来说,中国供应商在得知其美国客户提起第11章破产程序后应及时完成债权申报(to file a proof of claim),债权申请是破产程序中的重要环节,第11章破产下的债权申报可以影响债权人是否、如何以及何时从债务人处获得清偿。通常来说,在债务人提起破产申请后,债权人在收到破产通知(notice of bankruptcy)时也会收到一份第11章债权申报表(410 Proof of Claim)。破产通知会写明债权申报的截止日期(bar

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