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ARTICLE · 07 JUNE 2026

以有效辩护案例谈刑事辩护中侦查思维的实务价值

Jincheng Tongda & Neal
Jincheng Tongda & Neal
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Jincheng Tongda & Neal

Jincheng Tongda & Neal

JINCHENG TONGDA & NEAL (JT&N) was founded in Beijing in 1992. JT&N has distinguished itself as a...

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Criminal defense requires more than reviewing case files—it demands investigative thinking to uncover missing evidence, challenge prosecution narratives, and reconstruct facts. This article examines how defense attorneys can apply investigative methods within legal boundaries to identify evidentiary gaps, trace evidence origins, and transform doubts into actionable defense strategies that may overturn wrongful convictions.

ChinaCriminal Law

摘要

刑事辩护的基本功是阅卷,但实践中,真正决定案件走向的,往往是阅卷之后的再调查。案卷呈现的是侦查机关已经固定、筛选和解释过的材料。面对可能存在的冤案或争议案件,笔者(徐秦律师)作为具有多年刑事侦查工作经验的警察,通常会从中分析取证路线、指控假设和证据缺口,再用合法方式补充证据、还原事实。本文所说的“侦查思维”,指辩护人在法律边界内形成事实追问能力、证据复原能力和线索转化能力;它并不涉及替代侦查机关行使侦查权。销售假冒注册商标的商品案中的商品来源追溯,非法经营案中聊天记录里“不知情”内容的查找,诈骗案中完整沟通语境的还原,都说明刑辩工作不能停在“卷内挑刺”。有效辩护应当围绕犯罪构成和证明标准,把疑点转化为证据线索,把证据线索转化为程序申请,把程序申请转化为足以动摇指控事实的辩护意见。

关键词:刑事辩护;侦查思维;事实还原;电子数据;调查取证;无罪辩护

01.卷宗只是起点

笔者代理的很多刑事案件,接手时已经过了侦查阶段。卷宗摆在面前,起诉意见书、讯问笔录、被害人陈述、鉴定意见、电子数据、资金流水等等,看似材料齐全。但在实际办案时,笔者第一件事并非急着写辩护词或法律意见,而是先把卷宗当作侦查活动的结果来读。证据是谁找来的,为什么找这份,为什么没有另一份,为什么只截取这一段聊天记录,为什么没有追上游、查原始载体、核实交易背景,这些问题比单纯摘录矛盾更重要。

《刑事诉讼法》规定,辩护人的责任,是根据事实和法律,提出犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除刑事责任的材料和意见,维护其诉讼权利和其他合法权益。这句话放到实务中,笔者理解有两层工作:一层是审查卷内证据,另一层是提出材料和意见。材料从哪里来,意见如何形成,都离不开对案件事实的重新审视。

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