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ARTICLE · 09 DECEMBER 2025

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基于数据的出口管制:美国数据安全计划对中企出海的合规挑战与应对

AnJie Broad Law Firm
AnJie Broad Law Firm
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2025年1月8日,美国司法部(The Department of Justice of the United States, DOJ)发布《防止受关注国家或涵盖主体访问美国敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据》(Preventing Access to U.S. Sensitive Personal Data and Government-Related Data b

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2025年1月8日,美国司法部(The Department of Justice of the United States, DOJ)发布《防止受关注国家或涵盖主体访问美国敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据》(Preventing Access to U.S. Sensitive Personal Data and Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern or Covered Persons)的最终规则(Final Rule),以落实时任拜登总统于2024年2月28日发布的行政令(Executive Order, E.O.)14117《防止受关注国家访问美国大量敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据》(Preventing Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern),禁止或限制美国人(U.S. Persons)参与那些可能导致受关注国家或受关注主体访问美国大量敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据的特定交易。此最终规则创设了针对美国大量敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据的新的监管框架——美国数据安全计划(Data Security Program, DSP)。

与一般的数据保护和数据合规有所不同,美国数据安全计划将数据提升至国家安全层面进行强监管,其实施将会对不同行业造成不同程度的影响,例如投资行业、科技与信息技术服务行业、跨境电商行业、健康和生命科学行业、银行金融行业等;并对中企涉美业务造成一定的合规挑战。有鉴于此,我们将在本文中对美国数据安全计划及其所创设的合规挑战、对企业出海造成的影响与应对进行分析。

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