The smart meter rollout is an example of the digital
transformation of the energy sector. A digital communication
network is spread over the electricity, gas, and water
infrastructure. Smart meters, gateways and control devices use
communication standards (such as WLAN, 5G, etc.) for system
integration.
These communication standards are based on technology that is
often patented. As a result, a licence market worth billions has
developed for patent holders for mobile communication standards
such as LTE: Large patent holders and patent exploiters have
already discovered the smart grid as a source of income and have
started to demand licence payments from device manufacturers and
infrastructure operators.