Romania

Market Overview
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1. Overview of the Romanian market

Romania continues to be one of the most attractive destinations for doing business in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). There are strong arguments supporting this claim, including:

  1. its Strategic Location & EU Market Access - positioned at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East:
    • Member of the EU, NATO;
    • Gateway to a 450+ million consumer market in the EU;
    • Access to major transportation hubs (access to the Black Sea via Constanța port, major highways, and rail links);
    • Recent Schengen membership (as of 2025).
  2. Competitive Labor Force (highly skilled workforce, especially in IT, engineering, and manufacturing, with many professionals speaking English, German, and French);
  3. Strong IT & Tech Sector (notably, all large US companies in the technology sector are also present in Romania)
  4. Competitive Tax System & Business Incentives (a flat 16% corporate tax rate , among the lowest in the EU)
  5. Well-Developed and stable Banking & Financial Sector, with major EU banks operating in Romania (BCR, part of Erste group, ING, Raiffeisen, UniCredit) as well as local banks (e.g., Banca Transilvania has gained traction following multiple M&A deals which have enlarged its market share). As the market remains fragmented, there seems to still be potential for further banking M&A deals.
  6. Strong e-commerce growth – which has been booming in recent years, with increasingly fast digital adoption and strong logistics support and promotion of an increased number of digital financial products (including buy-now-pay-later and other types of digital consumer credit which have been thriving recently).

According to 2023 reports of the World Bank, Romania ranks 12th in the European Union by total nominal GDP1 and 7th largest for GDP adjusted by purchase power (PPP).2

Despite the proximity to the war in Ukraine, Romania remains a top destination for foreign investment, tech startups, and industrial expansion. With Schengen integration effective as of 1st of January 2025, and ongoing infrastructure development, Romania is an increasingly attractive business hub in the CEE region.

As Romania navigates its economic landscape, the stability of the political environment remains an important factor influencing market opportunities. The current Government coalition looks quite solid and the redo of the presidential elections set to occur in May 2025 is unlikely to affect Romania’s overall policies and the economic environment will continue to support a stronger EU and NATO membership.

Anticipated fiscal reforms and ongoing negotiations around government policy will likely impact economic growth and inflation rates.

2. Business environment

Generally, Romania offers a friendly business environment, including a simplified business registration procedure, further enhanced by Law 265/2022 on the Trade Registry. Romania has made efforts to simplify the process of registering a business, reducing the time and paperwork required for starting a company.

As such, the registration formalities may be fulfilled either through the dedicated Trade Registry online portal, by email, or in person, with processing times typically ranging between 2 to 5 business days.

The ease of doing business in Romania has also been heavily impacted by its adherence to harmonized EU legislation since its EU accession in 2007, the Romanian legislation being generally in line with relevant EU norms.

Legislative Changes in 2025 versus 2024 - What has changed in the last year that has impacted the way business is conducted?

While it is widely acknowledged that legislation has been enacted both in Romania and, more generally in the EU, at an unprecedented pace and level of complexity, making businesses face a higher risk of compliance due to increased legislative burden, efforts are being made both at national level (e.g., the National Capital Markets Strategy for 2023-26) 3and at EU level, via the EU Commission Competitiveness Compass4 to address this issue.

In this context and until the objective simplification and codification to increase overall competitiveness is reached, it is likely that business in Romania will continue to face the above-mentioned risk, which is generally mitigated to the extent that proper legal advice is sought at an early stage of structuring the business.

It is to be expected that business will continue to be impacted by EU legislation in 2025 as well, in all relevant business areas (e.g., banking and financial services, energy, IT, data privacy and cybersecurity).

Some of the most important general legislative changes last year that will likely impact business in general more heavily are:

  1. Full Schengen access. Starting January 1, 2025[5], Romania, alongside Bulgaria, became a full member of the Schengen Area. By eliminating land border controls between Schengen countries (previously in 2024 air controls were eliminated), free movement of people and goods were facilitated. The decision is expected to reduce border wait times, lower logistics costs, and make Romania more attractive for foreign investments.
  2. Amendments to Company Law No. 31/1990 brought under Law no. 299/2004 which aim to modernize corporate legislation, by enhancing digital engagement, regulating digital participation in shareholder meetings and simplifying administrative processes for businesses (e.g., removal of UBO details in the articles of incorporation, granting more flexibility to delegation of powers to the board of directors).
  3. Adoption of NACE Rev.3 Classification System: The adoption of the NACE Rev.3 Classification System, which amends and updates the previous system, was formalized under Order No. 2938/C of 20 December 2024 on the measures and procedures for the implementation of the Classification of Activities in the National Economy - NACE Rev. 3. The Order establishes the legislative framework for the implementation of the new classification, which is designed to meet the demands of a market-oriented economy and align it with European standards. Starting from 2025, companies are required to update their scope of activity to comply with this new classification, with the implementation to be carried out through the National Trade Register Office.
  4. Amendment to the Cybersecurity legal framework following transposition of Directive 2022/2555 (“NIS2 DIRECTIVE”) - Government Emergency Ordinance no. 155/2024 on the establishment of a framework for the cybersecurity of networks and information systems in the national civil cyberspace (“NIS2 GEO”) was published and entered into force on December 31, 2024. In line with NIS2 Directive, NIS2 GEO no longer distinguishes between “operators of essential services” and “digital service providers”, defining instead new categories of “essential entities” and “important entities” mainly based on sector and size. In terms of sectors/ industries, the scope has also been broadened compared to the previous regulatory framework.
  5. Important changes to the Foreign Direct Investment Regime (FDI) - In 2024, Romania introduced notable amendments to its FDI regime under Law No. 231/2024, aiming to enhance clarity and consistency in FDI screening procedures, particularly concerning EU-investments, including by expanding sanctionable conduct to cover EU-investments. Additionally, Law No. 231/2024 provides clarifications on nullification of non-compliant investments and of the agreements implementing such investments. Furthermore, recent amendments to FDI legislation introduced at the end of 2024 under Government Emergency Ordinance no. 152/2024 specify that investments made by Romanian citizens will also be subject to FDI security screening.

3. What are the main business structures in Romania?

Generally, the following types of companies may be set up in Romania: Limited Liability Company (SRL) (in Romanian, “Societate cu Răspundere Limitată”), Joint Stock Company (SA) (in Romanian, “Societate pe Acțiuni”), Limited Partnership by Shares (SCA) (in Romanian, “Societate în Comandită pe Acțiuni”), Limited Partnership (SCS) (in Romanian, “Societate în Comandită Simplă”), and General Partnership (SNC) (in Romanian, “Societate în Numele Colectiv”), as per Company Law no. 31/1990.

However, in practice, in Romania, the Limited Liability Company (SRL) is the predominant business structure, significantly outnumbering Joint-Stock Companies (SA). The main reason for the investors’ preference for the SRL structure is related to lower capital requirements, a more flexible and simpler management structure, fewer legal requirements and administrative costs. The SA structure is generally chosen by more sophisticated and larger investors, often operating in regulated sectors (e.g., certain sector specific requirements impose the SA to obtain a business license, for example, in the case of non-banking financial institutions and credit institutions).

All companies must be registered with the Romanian Trade Register Office following the registration procedure set out under Law no. 265/2022 on the Trade Registry and for amending and supplementing other regulatory acts on Trade Registry registration.

A limited liability company (LLC, or SRL in Romanian) may be established with up to 50 shareholders, although the Company Law also allows for the creation of a company with a sole shareholder. On the other hand, a joint stock company (JSC, or SA in Romanian) requires a minimum of two shareholders in order to be set up.

As an alternative to the incorporation of a legal entity in Romania with legal personality, investors have the possibility to incorporate a branch or representative office of the foreign company in Romania. Such legal structures will act in the name and on behalf of the parent company and will be subject to registration formalities (the representative office is subject to an authorization and registration procedure with the Ministry of economy, digitalization, entrepreneurship and tourism instead of the Trade Registry).

Business Structure
Min. Capital
Liability
 
Common Use

SRL (Limited Liability)
No minimum provided by law (cannot be null)
Limited to share capital
Small to medium-sized businesses

SA (Joint-Stock)
90.000 RON (18.000 EUR)
Limited to share capital
Large businesses, public companies

Sole Proprietorship
None
Unlimited (owner's personal liability)
Freelancers, consultants

Branch of Foreign Company
None
Parent company liability
Foreign companies entering the market

Representative Office
None
Parent company liability
Market research, promotion

4. Economy

Currency strength

In 2024, the Romanian leu (RON) demonstrated resilience despite global economic fluctuations. Throughout the year, the EUR/RON exchange rate remained quite stable, with a medium exchange rate of 4.9750 RON per EUR6, reflecting a favourable and trustworthy environment for investments and market confidence. This stability was primarily driven by the National Bank of Romania’s (NBR) prudent monetary policies. These efforts helped to moderate excessive volatility and foster a steady economic scene.

Looking ahead to 2025, the NBR’s decision to lower the monetary policy rate to 6.50% signals a continued focus on maintaining stability in the currency market [7]. While some short-term fluctuations may occur due to external risks, the NBR’s steady approach, alongside Romania’s fiscal discipline and ongoing structural reforms, is expected to support the leu's strength. The outlook remains cautiously positive, with efforts focused on promoting the gradual appreciation of the currency, in line with broader economic objectives, such as anchoring medium-term inflation expectations and contributing to sustainable economic growth.

While geopolitical conflicts and the budget consolidation may negatively affect the economy, a stronger and more efficient absorption of EU funds, especially those under the Next Generation EU programme, are expected to counterbalance such negative effects and strengthen the resilience of the Romanian economy.

Inflation rates

Romania’s inflation rate experienced fluctuations in 2024, but the recent landscape points to a positive trajectory. In January 2025, the annual inflation rate dropped to 4.95%, down from 5.14% in December 2024, according to the official report released by INSSE on 14 February 2025, this decline reflecting the gradual easing of inflationary pressures, particularly from food prices and wage growth.8

While the National Bank of Romania (NBR) had initially revised the inflation forecast for 2024 upwards to 4.9%, driven by adverse weather conditions and higher wages, the outlook remains optimistic.

The NBR currently projects that inflation will gradually decline, reaching 3.5% by the end of 2025 and returning to within the target range by mid-2026. These projections indicate a steady return to price stability, supported by sound monetary policies and favourable economic conditions.[9]

Main trade sectors

In 2024, Romania's economy continued to showcase its industrial diversification, positioning it as a resilient player in the region. Romania benefits from a well-balanced economy with significant contributions from agriculture, services, and the rapidly growing IT sector. This diversification has helped Romania maintain a competitive edge in a challenging European economic landscape.10

Romania is characterized by a highly trained labor force, abundant natural resources in key areas, and geographical conditions that facilitate the transportation of goods. These factors, along with one of the largest markets in Central and Eastern Europe, make the country an increasingly attractive destination for investment. With a solid foundation and growing opportunities in various sectors, Romania continues to offer numerous prospects for investors looking to capitalize into its dynamic market.

5. Current opportunities & future prospects

What opportunities exist for clients looking to invest in your jurisdiction?

The reforms and investments in Romania’ are likely to be supported by Romania’s commitments under the National recovery and resilience plan (PNRR) agreed with the EU Commission11. The PNRR is a comprehensive plan that targets sustainable development, economic modernization, and social resilience.

The main investment areas favored by the PNRR include green energy, digital transformation, health system modernization, education, infrastructure, and social inclusion. These investments aim to align Romania with the EU’s broader goals for post-pandemic recovery, digitalization, and sustainability, creating a more competitive and inclusive economy for the future.

In this context, digitalization will continue to provide interesting investment and growth opportunities across many sectors (e.g., e-commerce, digital banking, digital investment and financial services etc.). As such, Romania's retail and e-commerce sectors are projected to experience significant expansion in the near future. This growth is largely attributed to increased internet access and evolving consumer habits, which have driven an increased demand for online easy to access solutions. Investors that focus on innovative online commerce strategies, such as rapid delivery platforms and personalization tools, are well positioned to capitalize on this trend and growth potential in the marketplace.

As regards capital markets opportunities, despite the volatile and high market uncertainty also triggered by the Presidential elections set to take place in May 2025, investors should consider Romania’s commitments assumed under the National Resilience and Recovery Plan, which refer to the obligation to list three of the State-owned companies (most likely in the energy and transportation sectors). However, this decision is yet to be taken by the Romanian Government.

Another area of interest is the public private partnership projects (PPP) sector, especially relevant in the context of the Romanian high budget deficit (8.6% in 2024). In spite of the absence of successful precedents for PPPs under the current PPP legislation, projects to be developed under PPP are awaited in the following period - the main opportunities being in infrastructure such as hospitals, roads, railways, metro lines, power plants and airports.

In the banking sector, the consolidation trend that we have seen in the past years is expected to continue (we have been actively supporting our clients in major banking M&A deals (including the recent acquisition of Alpha Bank by Unicredit12); additional opportunities may arise in connection with innovative digital finance products (we have assisted in the implementation of some first-on the-market digital products including digital retail loans / buy-now-pay-later products).

The recent Schengen membership should also offer significant additional efficiency and synergies to numerous sectors.

6. Legal system

How does the legal system operate? What should clients be mindful of when doing business in your jurisdiction?

Romania is a civil law system, which means that the primary source of law are written statutes and codes (e.g., Civil Code, Civil procedure Code, Administrative Code etc.) and court decisions generally do not have the same precedential value as in common law systems.

While being part of the EU strongly facilitates doing business in Romania, given that the domestic law is generally aligned with EU law and EU regulations are directly applicable (e.g., GDPR), the areas which are not harmonized at EU level or for which gold plating is permitted, should be carefully factored in by investors in their business plan prior to investing (e.g., real estate13, tax law regime, FDI regime).

7. Foreign investment restrictions

Regulatory environment, Direct investment

In Romania, the FDI regime is mainly regulated by Government Emergency Ordinance no. 46/2022 for the implementation of EU Regulation 2019/452 (GEO 46/2022), which, among other things, defines the relevant concepts, sets out the types of deals reviewed, procedural aspects and potential sanctions[14].

Pursuant to GEO 46/2022, filing is mandatory for a FDI, an EU investment or a new investment, as defined under GEO 46/2022, made by a foreign investor or an EU investor  (which also includes Romanian citizens), that: (i) covers the activities relevant to national security according to Decision no. 73/2012 of the National Council for Country's Defence, in conjunction with the criteria set out in article 4 of Regulation 2019/452; and (ii) whose value exceeds a threshold of €2 million (by exception, FDIs not exceeding €2 million may also be subject to scrutiny if they are likely to have an impact on security or public order or pose a risk to them).

Foreign investors or EU investors can protect themselves by ensuring that any transaction carried out in Romania is internally pre-assessed from an FDI perspective (in other words, verifying whether the transaction falls under the criteria set out in GEO 46/2022), followed by formal filing if they conclude that the transaction meets the relevant criteria, in addition to other regulatory clearances that may be required, such as the merger clearance by the Romanian Competition Council.

Foreign exchange controls

In Romania, foreign exchange controls are primarily regulated by the National Bank of Romania (NBR) under Regulation No. 4/2005 on the foreign exchange regime. This regulation establishes the framework for foreign exchange operations, including the rights and obligations of residents and non-residents, the conduct of foreign currency transactions, and the roles of financial institutions in monitoring compliance.

Both residents and non-residents are permitted to acquire, hold, and use financial assets denominated in both foreign and domestic currencies. They may also open and maintain accounts in these currencies with authorized institutions.

Transactions between residents involving the sale of goods and services must be conducted in the national currency (leu), unless specific exceptions outlined in the NBR Regulation No. 4/2005 apply. Other transactions between residents, such as financial operations, can be conducted in either national or foreign currency, depending on mutual agreement.

Restrictions on foreign capital

In exceptional cases laid down under NBR Regulation No. 4/2005, the National Bank of Romania may impose restrictions to foreign exchange transactions. However, to the best of our knowledge, such restrictions have not been yet imposed in practice in recent times. If such an exceptional event occurred, the National Bank of Romania could impose various FX restrictions on short term FX operations (e.g., notifications /limits on FX transactions between residents and non-residents). Under the applicable norms, FX operations that could theoretically be affected are broadly defined, including payments, transfers, loans and offsets, as well as any other means of payment, depending on the nature of the relevant operation.

8. Top 5 tips to know before Investing

Investing in Romania can prove to be a fruitful endeavor, but from a legal perspective, it is key to consider the following main general aspects:

  • Carefully choose the most appropriate legal structure for your business
  • Be mindful of the applicable FDI regime, as pecuniary and civil sanctions are severe and might affect business prospects
  • Strictly observe AML and anti-corruption laws
  • Understand sector- specific regulations that may apply (banking, financial services, healthcare, energy, environment etc.) and local specificities
  • In case you are a non-EU investor, consider that in many cases Romania has concluded trade agreements (bilateral investment treaties) with other countries outside the EU, offering favourable trade terms.

It is highly recommended to consult the local legal experts to navigate Romania's intricate legal framework, understand expectations of various competent authorities to ensure compliance with local laws and maximize your chances of success in the Romanian market.

Interested in Doing Business in Romania?

Bondoc și Asociații SCA is a leading Romanian law firm (and top 10 in size in the country), involved in many of the most complex projects in the country, offering full-range of business law legal assistance.

In recent years we have worked on many of the largest and most complex transactions in the Romanian market.

For more details about our firm and partners please see: https://bondoc-asociatii.ro/

https://www.legal500.com/firms/17801-bondoc-si-asociatii-sca/c-romania/rankings

Authors:

Lucian Bondoc, Managing Partner

Diana Ispas, Partner

1 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=RO&most_recent_value_desc=true

2 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=RO&most_recent_value_desc=true

3 https://asfromania.ro/uploads/articole/attachments/659e5a3d502c9507465771.pdf

4 Around €37.5 billion potential annual savings are expected for EU companies if EU achieves its simplification goals – see https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness_en.

5https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pl/statement_24_6401

6 Romanian leu (RON)

7 Banca Naţională a României - Minutes of the monetary policy meeting of the National Bank of Romania Board on 14 February 2025

8 Template press release

9 National Bank of Romania (Banca Naţională a României) - Inflation Report

10 EBRD, Romanian officials debate industrial policy with entrepreneurs at BVB event in Bucharest | Romania Insider

11 https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility/country-pages/romanias-recovery-and-resilience-plan_en.

12 https://bondoc-asociatii.ro/bondoc-si-asociatii-sca-advised-unicredit-spa-in-connection-with-the-acquisition-of-alpha-bank-romania-s-a/ .

13  Please see our relevant Legal 500 Guides - https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/romania-real-estate/ and https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/romania-data-protection-cybersecurity/.

14 Please see also FDI comments in Chapter 6 above.

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Stratulat Albulescu advises Catalyst Romania on its EUR 1.25 million investment in Carfix

Stratulat Albulescu has advised Catalyst Romania on its EUR 1.25 million investment in Carfix, a Romanian-developed digital ecosystem designed to significantly reduce vehicle-related costs by up to 60%. This strategic funding will enable Carfix to further expand its innovative platform, strengthen its technological infrastructure, and enhance its market reach. This transaction reinforces Catalyst Romania's positioning as a leading venture capital investor focused on supporting transformative Romanian technology companies. By investing in Carfix, Catalyst Romania continues to demonstrate its commitment to backing innovative business models that leverage technology to deliver measurable impact across industries. Catalyst Romania (www.catalystromania.com) is a pioneer in private equity and venture capital investments in Romania, having launched its first fund in 2012, financed through the JEREMIE initiative, and in late 2020 launched its second fund, Catalyst Romania Fund II. Catalyst Romania funds focus on providing early-stage and growth capital to young technology companies from Romania and Eastern Europe, which have the potential to become leaders in their sector in the region or achieve global success. Catalyst Romania Fund II is a VC fund managed by Catalyst II GP, both entities being established under Luxembourg law and acting as an alternative investment fund and, respectively, as an alternative investment fund manager. Carfix is a unique digital platform that integrates automotive insurance, repairs, and related services in one streamlined ecosystem. With this EUR 1.25 million funding, Carfix will further develop its technology, expand its partnerships with insurance companies and repair networks, and provide users with innovative solutions that significantly reduce vehicle ownership and maintenance costs. The SAA team advising on the deal was led by Partner and Head of Venture Capital, Cristina Man, and included Associate Cezara Mitea, both members of the firm’s Tech M&A practice group. For any other information on this, please feel free to contact Delia Bijnea (Head of Marketing and Communications) at [email protected] or Anastasia Tache (Marketing Assistant) at [email protected].
Stratulat Albulescu Attorneys at Law - October 8 2025
Real Estate and Construction

What legal aspects should you pay attention to when buying land or a house?

Legal solutions for a risk-free property purchase When looking to purchase land or a house, a prior legal verification of the real estate in Romania is essential. Buying real estate in Romania represents a significant investment, which is why a thorough analysis of all relevant aspects of the purchase of real estate in Romania is required, involving numerous documents and procedures that demand heightened attention. To complete this transaction while avoiding potential risks, it is necessary to conduct detailed checks, such as analyzing documents that certify the right of ownership in Romania, obtaining an excerpt from the land book in Romania, verifying the town planning certificate in Romania, the fiscal certificate in Romania, and the cadastral plan extract, as well as carrying out any necessary procedures to ensure a legally clear situation. The Romanian law firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates recommends consulting a real estate lawyer in Romania to conduct due diligence regarding the purchase of real estate in Romania, with the purpose of identifying potential risks or hidden issues. A property lawyer in Romania will draft a due diligence report in Romania detailing the conclusions of the conducted verifications. It is crucial for a buyer to have a clear legal perspective regarding their investment and to ensure that there are no impediments that could affect the transaction. A due diligence report in Romania contributes to the buyer’s decision to either continue negotiations or withdraw from the purchase. Additionally, a due diligence lawyer in Romania can assist in drafting a pre sale purchase agreement in Romania and, subsequently, sale and purchase agreements in Romania for real estate (SPA in Romania), ensuring that no abusive contractual clauses in Romania are included or that issues leading to the contract cancellation in Romania or contract termination in Romania arise. Real estate litigation lawyer in Romania. Verification of property documents in Romania Before completing a purchase of real estate in Romania, it is essential to know the current owner of the property being sold to ensure that the transaction is legally valid. Therefore, verifying the documents that attest the right of ownership in Romania is required, such as sale and purchase agreements in Romania (SPA in Romania), a donation agreement, an heir certificate if the land or house was inherited, or a final court decision if ownership rights were granted by a court ruling. There are cases where the right of ownership in Romania was granted decades ago through a court decision, and the documents may have been lost. In such cases, steps can be taken at national archives that hold the respective court ruling. This analysis serves as a confirmation that the seller is the rightful owner and that no other individuals have claims to the land or house. Before signing sale and purchase agreements in Romania (SPA in Romania), a property lawyer in Romania can assist in reviewing the property documents in Romania, eliminating the risk of purchasing a property with legal issues or becoming a victim of real estate fraud. This prior verification is necessary to avoid situations where sale and purchase agreements in Romania must be annulled. Property lawyer in Romania. Extract of land book in Romania Analyzing the cadastral situation and property registration is another crucial aspect when purchasing real estate in Romania. This process requires obtaining an excerpt from the land book in Romania, as it is an official document issued by the Office of Cadastre and Real Estate Publicity that provides an updated overview of the land or house. By obtaining an excerpt from the land book in Romania, details such as the current owner, any encumbrances on the property (mortgages, transfer restrictions) that may hinder the sale, the property’s area, and more can be confirmed. It is important to ensure that the seller is the sole owner, as if there are multiple co-owners, their consent is also required. Furthermore, another document that can be obtained from the Office of Cadastre and Real Estate Publicity is a cadastral plan extract. A cadastral plan extract complements the excerpt from the land book in Romania and contains clear information about the positioning, area, and boundaries of the property. Analyzing this document is essential to verify positioning, potential overlaps with other properties, and access to public roads, thus determining exact boundaries. A real estate lawyer in Romania can help review the cadastral documentation before signing sale and purchase agreements in Romania to prevent potential legal disputes arising from real estate issues. Due diligence lawyer in Romania. Verification of construction authorization in Romania and town planning certificate in Romania If the sale involves a house, it is necessary to check whether it has a construction authorization in Romania. A construction authorization in Romania confirms that the building was legally constructed and approved by local authorities. If such a permit does not exist, potential disputes with neighbors or local authorities may arise, posing risks to property rights. Additionally, analyzing an town planning certificate in Romania is crucial, as it provides information regarding the land’s urban zoning regulations. A town planning certificate in Romania indicates construction restrictions, such as the type of buildings allowed, permissible construction height, connections to sewage, gas, and water networks, as well as whether the property is classified as a historical monument. It is recommended that a real estate litigation lawyer in Romania conduct a thorough analysis of the construction authorization in Romania and town planning certificate in Romania to ensure that the construction was carried out in compliance with the law. Real estate lawyer in Romania. Signing a pre sale purchase agreement in Romania A preliminary step in the process of buying or selling land or a house is signing a pre sale purchase agreement in Romania, which is a contract where the parties commit to signing a future sale-purchase agreement, typically including an advance payment as a guarantee for finalizing the contract. A pre sale purchase agreement in Romania includes details regarding the transaction price, the date of property transfer, the obligations of the parties, the refund conditions of the advance payment in case the transaction does not go through, and any other relevant aspects for concluding the final contract. It is important to note that a sale promise does not transfer ownership rights; it only ensures that the transaction will take place. The signing of an SPA in Romania represents the final step in a real estate transaction, having the legal effect of transferring property ownership. A real estate sale-purchase agreement must be concluded in an authentic form before a notary and must include details such as the identity of the parties, the agreed price and payment method, and the obligations of both the seller and the buyer. A property lawyer in Romania can assist in drafting a pre sale purchase agreement in Romania or a sale-purchase agreement to ensure that no abusive contractual clauses in Romania are included and to eliminate the possibility of contract cancellation in Romania or contract termination in Romania. “When purchasing a house or land, it is necessary to conduct a thorough verification of the property documents in Romania to avoid future risks and disputes. A comprehensive due diligence process is required before signing a sale-purchase agreement,” stated Dr. Av. Radu Pavel, Managing Partner of the Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates. The Romanian law firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates has extensive experience in conducting due diligence and drafting a due diligence report in Romania regarding real estate purchases. Their lawyers can assist in any legal process to protect clients’ interests. For legal consultation, contact a real estate litigation lawyer in Romania from the firm by filling out the form on their website: https://www.avocatpavel.com/contact-us/ to benefit from the best legal solutions. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us In conclusion, purchasing real estate is a significant investment, making it essential to thoroughly analyze the documents that establish ownership rights, as well as cadastral, registration, and construction-related documents. Due diligence conducted by a due diligence lawyer in Romania is crucial before signing a real estate sale-purchase agreement, and legal assistance can play an important role throughout the entire real estate acquisition process. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - October 6 2025
Real Estate and Construction

ANRP postpones the payments for nationalized houses in Romania for 2025

How to contest an ANRP decision in Romania? Property rights are an essential attribute of society, and the issue of properties abusively taken over by the state has been a continuous concern over time, making the process of property restitution in Romania increasingly complex. A current controversial aspect is Government Ordinance No. 10/2025, which stipulates the suspension of the issuance of payment titles (based on compensation points in Romania) for 2025 by ANRP in Romania (The National Authority for Property Restitution in Romania) based on the provisions of Law No. 165/2013 concerning measures to finalize the process of property restitution in Romania, either in kind or by equivalent, of properties abusively taken over during the communist regime in Romania. Recently, ANRP in Romania published a statement regarding the status of resolution of the property files in Romania as of 10.02.2025. According to the statement, a total of 69,339 property files in Romania were registered by the mentioned date, of which 4,070 were submitted after 10.02.2020. The number of resolved ANRP property files in Romania stands at 59,362. The decisions issued by ANRP in Romania can create difficult situations with significant economic implications, which is why the Romanian law firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates recommends consulting a restitution lawyer in Romania who can provide legal assistance and representation in land litigation by appealing a decision in Romania and obtaining ANRP compensation (based on compensation points in Romania), ensuring that right of ownership in Romania is respected. Real estate lawyer in Romania. ANRP decisions based on market evaluation In Romania, the authority responsible for handling matters in property restitution in Romania is ANRP in Romania (The National Authority for Property Restitution), which has the competence to resolve restitution requests for properties that were abusively taken, violating the right of ownership in Romania. Given the high volume of cases, the resolution of ANRP compensation claims can be significantly delayed, increasing the risk of incorrect ANRP compensation payments. To address this, Law No. 165/2013 established the CNCI in Romania (National Commission for Property Compensation). After evaluating the real estate in Romania, CNCI in Romania issues a compensation decision, with compensation estimated in compensation points in Romania. Considering the above, it is advisable to seek a property lawyer in Romania who can analyze the situation and provide specialized guidance, maximizing the chances of obtaining ANRP compensation points in Romania. Generally, restitution is carried out in kind; however, if this is not possible, compensation will be granted in equivalent value. Restitution lawyer in Romania. How to appeal an ANRP decision? Given potential errors in practice, there is the possibility of appealing a decision in Romania within 30 days from the date of decision communication. Appealing a decision in Romania aims to reassess the previous decision, correctly evaluate the property based on the notary grid, and recalculate compensation. The main reason for low compensation amounts is the under-evaluation of real estate in Romania. Proper property evaluation is conducted using the notary grid, which serves as an instrument for real estate market assessment. A property lawyer in Romania can be the key element in real estate disputes in Romania, assisting with the correct drafting of the appeal while managing legal risks. “In real estate disputes in Romania, a real estate lawyer in Romania not only provides the necessary expertise to navigate the complexity of the laws but also protects your rights and ensures that every step is taken in accordance with the law,” stated Dr. Av. Radu Pavel, Managing Partner at the Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates. The Romanian law firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates has extensive experience in real estate disputes in Romania, and its lawyers can assist you in any legal action to protect your right of ownership in Romania. For legal consultation, contact a restitution lawyer in Romania from our team by accessing the contact form on our website: https://www.avocatpavel.com/contact-us/  to benefit from the best legal solutions. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us The postponement of payments for nationalized houses can create financial difficulties for individuals whose property rights have been violated. The process of property restitution in Romania or the ANRP decision appeal can present significant legal challenges, which is why the Romanian law firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates recommends consulting a real estate lawyer in Romania who can provide expert legal advice, maximizing the chances of a favorable resolution for ANRP compensation claims. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - October 6 2025
Corporate, Commercial and M&A

ANPC suspends the activity of companies in Bucharest

How to appeal an ANPC decision? The National Authority for Consumer Protection (ANPC) has intensified its series of inspections on companies in Bucharest, imposing severe sanctions for non-compliance with consumers’ rights in Romania. Many companies have faced suspension of operations due to violations identified through ANPC complaints, with fines for consumer protection in Romania and other legal sanctions being imposed. According to the consumer law in Romania, ANPC is authorized to verify whether companies comply with consumer rights in Romania and specific regulations. Among the main reasons for suspending operations are the sale of expired or non-compliant products, the lack of clear ingredient labels, unfair commercial practices, missing necessary authorizations, and refusal to resolve consumer protection complaints in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates provides a wide range of legal services aimed at protecting consumers’ rights in Romania, including assistance in appealing ANPC decisions, filing and submitting consumer protection complaints in Romania and representing clients in front of competent courts. The National Authority for Consumer Protection (ANPC) has suspended the operations of several companies in Bucharest and imposed consumer protection fines in Romania due to serious violations of consumer protection in Romania and consumer law in Romania. These measures are designed to safeguard consumers’ rights in Romania, including the right to accurate information, the right to make free choices, the right to health and safety protection, and the right to receive products and services compliant with quality standards. ANPC’s decisions were made following detailed ANPC inspections of various firms that failed to adhere to the applicable consumer laws and regulations in Romania and consumer product safety regulations in Romania. This suspension of operations can be considered a severe but necessary measure to prevent consumer abuses and enforce compliance with consumer law in Romania, consumer protection laws in Romania and consumer protection regulations in Romania. Among the most frequent violations identified following ANPC complaints are misleading advertising, the sale of counterfeit products, the absence of essential consumer information, and non-compliance with product return terms or refund procedures in case of contract withdrawal. However, beyond the suspension of operations, ANPC actively engages in resolving various consumer protection complaints in Romania received from affected individuals. The institution handles any ANPC complaint that may lead to sanctions and also resolves disputes between consumers and providers of products and services. Litigation lawyer in Romania. How to appeal an ANPC decision? When a company disagrees with an ANPC decision, it has the option to contest it. Any decision issued by consumer protection authorities can be challenged in the competent bodies and courts. Contesting an ANPC decision must follow the steps set out by national legislation, consumer protection laws and regulations in Romania, consumer laws and regulations in Romania, consumer product safety regulations in Romania and the process can be complex for those unfamiliar with legal norms and procedures. In such situations, individuals can seek assistance from The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates, which provides support in contesting ANPC decisions. A consumer rights attorney in Romania will help clients understand exactly what each step of the process entails and prepare a well-argued ANPC complaint. The consumer law attorney in Romania can request a review of the imposed sanction or even annul the decision if it does not comply with the legal norms or if errors are found in the process of applying consumer protection fines in Romania or other sanctions. Moreover, The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates is prepared to represent consumers in court or before competent authorities, protecting their consumers’ rights in Romania with a professional approach and a well-structured litigation strategy. Consumer law attorneys in Romania will analyze every aspect of the ANPC complaint and intervene efficiently to ensure the respect of consumers’ rights in Romania in any context, including in court. Consumer rights attorney in Romania and consumer law attorney in Romania. How to avoid an ANPC complaint? To avoid an ANPC complaint, companies must comply with consumer protection laws in Romania, ensuring their products and services meet current regulations. It is essential for companies to provide clear and accurate information to consumers and to have an efficient process for managing consumer protection complaints in Romania. Companies need to implement internal procedures for swiftly addressing issues and train employees in consumers’ rights in Romania. In the event of an ANPC inspection, The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates can offer legal advice to resolve conflicts and avoid sanctions. These measures help companies protect consumer rights in Romania and prevent any form of legal penalties. “In the context of the current legislation, it is crucial that every company understands the risks associated with failing to comply with consumer protection laws in Romania. An ANPC complaint or a consumer protection complaint in Romania can lead to significant financial penalties and damage the company’s reputation. Rigorous ANPC inspections are often conducted to verify compliance with regulations, and a consumer protection lawyer in Romania can assist in preventing such situations by implementing proper and compliant procedures. In the case of disputes, a litigation lawyer in Romania can offer effective solutions to contest any sanctions and protect the company’s interests. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates helps companies ensure they comply with all regulations, thus avoiding the risk of ANPC complaints or ANPC inspections,” said Dr. Radu Pavel, the Managing Partner of The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates. A consumer rights attorney in Romania is ready to provide expert consumer law advice in Romania for both companies and consumers. If you are a company looking to avoid legal risks and ANPC sanctions, or a consumer who needs assistance with resolving an ANPC complaint or protecting consumer rights in Romania, do not hesitate to contact us by accessing the contact form on our website https://avocatpavel.com/contact/. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us In conclusion, complying with regulations regarding consumer protection in Romania is essential to avoid potential ANPC complaints and ANPC inspections that can affect both the reputation and operations of a company. At the same time, consumers must be aware that they have legal resources available to protect their consumer rights in Romania and to seek assistance in the face of abuses. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates together with the team of consumer law attorney in Romania stands by those in need of legal advice in this field, offering support to ensure compliance with consumer protection laws in Romania and to resolve any disputes in a fair and efficient manner. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - October 6 2025