Romania

Market Overview
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1. Overview of the Romanian market

Romania continues to be one of the most attractive destinations for doing business in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). There are strong arguments supporting this claim, including:

  1. its Strategic Location & EU Market Access - positioned at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East:
    • Member of the EU, NATO;
    • Gateway to a 450+ million consumer market in the EU;
    • Access to major transportation hubs (access to the Black Sea via Constanța port, major highways, and rail links);
    • Recent Schengen membership (as of 2025).
  2. Competitive Labor Force (highly skilled workforce, especially in IT, engineering, and manufacturing, with many professionals speaking English, German, and French);
  3. Strong IT & Tech Sector (notably, all large US companies in the technology sector are also present in Romania)
  4. Competitive Tax System & Business Incentives (a flat 16% corporate tax rate , among the lowest in the EU)
  5. Well-Developed and stable Banking & Financial Sector, with major EU banks operating in Romania (BCR, part of Erste group, ING, Raiffeisen, UniCredit) as well as local banks (e.g., Banca Transilvania has gained traction following multiple M&A deals which have enlarged its market share). As the market remains fragmented, there seems to still be potential for further banking M&A deals.
  6. Strong e-commerce growth – which has been booming in recent years, with increasingly fast digital adoption and strong logistics support and promotion of an increased number of digital financial products (including buy-now-pay-later and other types of digital consumer credit which have been thriving recently).

According to 2023 reports of the World Bank, Romania ranks 12th in the European Union by total nominal GDP1 and 7th largest for GDP adjusted by purchase power (PPP).2

Despite the proximity to the war in Ukraine, Romania remains a top destination for foreign investment, tech startups, and industrial expansion. With Schengen integration effective as of 1st of January 2025, and ongoing infrastructure development, Romania is an increasingly attractive business hub in the CEE region.

As Romania navigates its economic landscape, the stability of the political environment remains an important factor influencing market opportunities. The current Government coalition looks quite solid and the redo of the presidential elections set to occur in May 2025 is unlikely to affect Romania’s overall policies and the economic environment will continue to support a stronger EU and NATO membership.

Anticipated fiscal reforms and ongoing negotiations around government policy will likely impact economic growth and inflation rates.

2. Business environment

Generally, Romania offers a friendly business environment, including a simplified business registration procedure, further enhanced by Law 265/2022 on the Trade Registry. Romania has made efforts to simplify the process of registering a business, reducing the time and paperwork required for starting a company.

As such, the registration formalities may be fulfilled either through the dedicated Trade Registry online portal, by email, or in person, with processing times typically ranging between 2 to 5 business days.

The ease of doing business in Romania has also been heavily impacted by its adherence to harmonized EU legislation since its EU accession in 2007, the Romanian legislation being generally in line with relevant EU norms.

Legislative Changes in 2025 versus 2024 - What has changed in the last year that has impacted the way business is conducted?

While it is widely acknowledged that legislation has been enacted both in Romania and, more generally in the EU, at an unprecedented pace and level of complexity, making businesses face a higher risk of compliance due to increased legislative burden, efforts are being made both at national level (e.g., the National Capital Markets Strategy for 2023-26) 3and at EU level, via the EU Commission Competitiveness Compass4 to address this issue.

In this context and until the objective simplification and codification to increase overall competitiveness is reached, it is likely that business in Romania will continue to face the above-mentioned risk, which is generally mitigated to the extent that proper legal advice is sought at an early stage of structuring the business.

It is to be expected that business will continue to be impacted by EU legislation in 2025 as well, in all relevant business areas (e.g., banking and financial services, energy, IT, data privacy and cybersecurity).

Some of the most important general legislative changes last year that will likely impact business in general more heavily are:

  1. Full Schengen access. Starting January 1, 2025[5], Romania, alongside Bulgaria, became a full member of the Schengen Area. By eliminating land border controls between Schengen countries (previously in 2024 air controls were eliminated), free movement of people and goods were facilitated. The decision is expected to reduce border wait times, lower logistics costs, and make Romania more attractive for foreign investments.
  2. Amendments to Company Law No. 31/1990 brought under Law no. 299/2004 which aim to modernize corporate legislation, by enhancing digital engagement, regulating digital participation in shareholder meetings and simplifying administrative processes for businesses (e.g., removal of UBO details in the articles of incorporation, granting more flexibility to delegation of powers to the board of directors).
  3. Adoption of NACE Rev.3 Classification System: The adoption of the NACE Rev.3 Classification System, which amends and updates the previous system, was formalized under Order No. 2938/C of 20 December 2024 on the measures and procedures for the implementation of the Classification of Activities in the National Economy - NACE Rev. 3. The Order establishes the legislative framework for the implementation of the new classification, which is designed to meet the demands of a market-oriented economy and align it with European standards. Starting from 2025, companies are required to update their scope of activity to comply with this new classification, with the implementation to be carried out through the National Trade Register Office.
  4. Amendment to the Cybersecurity legal framework following transposition of Directive 2022/2555 (“NIS2 DIRECTIVE”) - Government Emergency Ordinance no. 155/2024 on the establishment of a framework for the cybersecurity of networks and information systems in the national civil cyberspace (“NIS2 GEO”) was published and entered into force on December 31, 2024. In line with NIS2 Directive, NIS2 GEO no longer distinguishes between “operators of essential services” and “digital service providers”, defining instead new categories of “essential entities” and “important entities” mainly based on sector and size. In terms of sectors/ industries, the scope has also been broadened compared to the previous regulatory framework.
  5. Important changes to the Foreign Direct Investment Regime (FDI) - In 2024, Romania introduced notable amendments to its FDI regime under Law No. 231/2024, aiming to enhance clarity and consistency in FDI screening procedures, particularly concerning EU-investments, including by expanding sanctionable conduct to cover EU-investments. Additionally, Law No. 231/2024 provides clarifications on nullification of non-compliant investments and of the agreements implementing such investments. Furthermore, recent amendments to FDI legislation introduced at the end of 2024 under Government Emergency Ordinance no. 152/2024 specify that investments made by Romanian citizens will also be subject to FDI security screening.

3. What are the main business structures in Romania?

Generally, the following types of companies may be set up in Romania: Limited Liability Company (SRL) (in Romanian, “Societate cu Răspundere Limitată”), Joint Stock Company (SA) (in Romanian, “Societate pe Acțiuni”), Limited Partnership by Shares (SCA) (in Romanian, “Societate în Comandită pe Acțiuni”), Limited Partnership (SCS) (in Romanian, “Societate în Comandită Simplă”), and General Partnership (SNC) (in Romanian, “Societate în Numele Colectiv”), as per Company Law no. 31/1990.

However, in practice, in Romania, the Limited Liability Company (SRL) is the predominant business structure, significantly outnumbering Joint-Stock Companies (SA). The main reason for the investors’ preference for the SRL structure is related to lower capital requirements, a more flexible and simpler management structure, fewer legal requirements and administrative costs. The SA structure is generally chosen by more sophisticated and larger investors, often operating in regulated sectors (e.g., certain sector specific requirements impose the SA to obtain a business license, for example, in the case of non-banking financial institutions and credit institutions).

All companies must be registered with the Romanian Trade Register Office following the registration procedure set out under Law no. 265/2022 on the Trade Registry and for amending and supplementing other regulatory acts on Trade Registry registration.

A limited liability company (LLC, or SRL in Romanian) may be established with up to 50 shareholders, although the Company Law also allows for the creation of a company with a sole shareholder. On the other hand, a joint stock company (JSC, or SA in Romanian) requires a minimum of two shareholders in order to be set up.

As an alternative to the incorporation of a legal entity in Romania with legal personality, investors have the possibility to incorporate a branch or representative office of the foreign company in Romania. Such legal structures will act in the name and on behalf of the parent company and will be subject to registration formalities (the representative office is subject to an authorization and registration procedure with the Ministry of economy, digitalization, entrepreneurship and tourism instead of the Trade Registry).

Business Structure
Min. Capital
Liability
 
Common Use

SRL (Limited Liability)
No minimum provided by law (cannot be null)
Limited to share capital
Small to medium-sized businesses

SA (Joint-Stock)
90.000 RON (18.000 EUR)
Limited to share capital
Large businesses, public companies

Sole Proprietorship
None
Unlimited (owner's personal liability)
Freelancers, consultants

Branch of Foreign Company
None
Parent company liability
Foreign companies entering the market

Representative Office
None
Parent company liability
Market research, promotion

4. Economy

Currency strength

In 2024, the Romanian leu (RON) demonstrated resilience despite global economic fluctuations. Throughout the year, the EUR/RON exchange rate remained quite stable, with a medium exchange rate of 4.9750 RON per EUR6, reflecting a favourable and trustworthy environment for investments and market confidence. This stability was primarily driven by the National Bank of Romania’s (NBR) prudent monetary policies. These efforts helped to moderate excessive volatility and foster a steady economic scene.

Looking ahead to 2025, the NBR’s decision to lower the monetary policy rate to 6.50% signals a continued focus on maintaining stability in the currency market [7]. While some short-term fluctuations may occur due to external risks, the NBR’s steady approach, alongside Romania’s fiscal discipline and ongoing structural reforms, is expected to support the leu's strength. The outlook remains cautiously positive, with efforts focused on promoting the gradual appreciation of the currency, in line with broader economic objectives, such as anchoring medium-term inflation expectations and contributing to sustainable economic growth.

While geopolitical conflicts and the budget consolidation may negatively affect the economy, a stronger and more efficient absorption of EU funds, especially those under the Next Generation EU programme, are expected to counterbalance such negative effects and strengthen the resilience of the Romanian economy.

Inflation rates

Romania’s inflation rate experienced fluctuations in 2024, but the recent landscape points to a positive trajectory. In January 2025, the annual inflation rate dropped to 4.95%, down from 5.14% in December 2024, according to the official report released by INSSE on 14 February 2025, this decline reflecting the gradual easing of inflationary pressures, particularly from food prices and wage growth.8

While the National Bank of Romania (NBR) had initially revised the inflation forecast for 2024 upwards to 4.9%, driven by adverse weather conditions and higher wages, the outlook remains optimistic.

The NBR currently projects that inflation will gradually decline, reaching 3.5% by the end of 2025 and returning to within the target range by mid-2026. These projections indicate a steady return to price stability, supported by sound monetary policies and favourable economic conditions.[9]

Main trade sectors

In 2024, Romania's economy continued to showcase its industrial diversification, positioning it as a resilient player in the region. Romania benefits from a well-balanced economy with significant contributions from agriculture, services, and the rapidly growing IT sector. This diversification has helped Romania maintain a competitive edge in a challenging European economic landscape.10

Romania is characterized by a highly trained labor force, abundant natural resources in key areas, and geographical conditions that facilitate the transportation of goods. These factors, along with one of the largest markets in Central and Eastern Europe, make the country an increasingly attractive destination for investment. With a solid foundation and growing opportunities in various sectors, Romania continues to offer numerous prospects for investors looking to capitalize into its dynamic market.

5. Current opportunities & future prospects

What opportunities exist for clients looking to invest in your jurisdiction?

The reforms and investments in Romania’ are likely to be supported by Romania’s commitments under the National recovery and resilience plan (PNRR) agreed with the EU Commission11. The PNRR is a comprehensive plan that targets sustainable development, economic modernization, and social resilience.

The main investment areas favored by the PNRR include green energy, digital transformation, health system modernization, education, infrastructure, and social inclusion. These investments aim to align Romania with the EU’s broader goals for post-pandemic recovery, digitalization, and sustainability, creating a more competitive and inclusive economy for the future.

In this context, digitalization will continue to provide interesting investment and growth opportunities across many sectors (e.g., e-commerce, digital banking, digital investment and financial services etc.). As such, Romania's retail and e-commerce sectors are projected to experience significant expansion in the near future. This growth is largely attributed to increased internet access and evolving consumer habits, which have driven an increased demand for online easy to access solutions. Investors that focus on innovative online commerce strategies, such as rapid delivery platforms and personalization tools, are well positioned to capitalize on this trend and growth potential in the marketplace.

As regards capital markets opportunities, despite the volatile and high market uncertainty also triggered by the Presidential elections set to take place in May 2025, investors should consider Romania’s commitments assumed under the National Resilience and Recovery Plan, which refer to the obligation to list three of the State-owned companies (most likely in the energy and transportation sectors). However, this decision is yet to be taken by the Romanian Government.

Another area of interest is the public private partnership projects (PPP) sector, especially relevant in the context of the Romanian high budget deficit (8.6% in 2024). In spite of the absence of successful precedents for PPPs under the current PPP legislation, projects to be developed under PPP are awaited in the following period - the main opportunities being in infrastructure such as hospitals, roads, railways, metro lines, power plants and airports.

In the banking sector, the consolidation trend that we have seen in the past years is expected to continue (we have been actively supporting our clients in major banking M&A deals (including the recent acquisition of Alpha Bank by Unicredit12); additional opportunities may arise in connection with innovative digital finance products (we have assisted in the implementation of some first-on the-market digital products including digital retail loans / buy-now-pay-later products).

The recent Schengen membership should also offer significant additional efficiency and synergies to numerous sectors.

6. Legal system

How does the legal system operate? What should clients be mindful of when doing business in your jurisdiction?

Romania is a civil law system, which means that the primary source of law are written statutes and codes (e.g., Civil Code, Civil procedure Code, Administrative Code etc.) and court decisions generally do not have the same precedential value as in common law systems.

While being part of the EU strongly facilitates doing business in Romania, given that the domestic law is generally aligned with EU law and EU regulations are directly applicable (e.g., GDPR), the areas which are not harmonized at EU level or for which gold plating is permitted, should be carefully factored in by investors in their business plan prior to investing (e.g., real estate13, tax law regime, FDI regime).

7. Foreign investment restrictions

Regulatory environment, Direct investment

In Romania, the FDI regime is mainly regulated by Government Emergency Ordinance no. 46/2022 for the implementation of EU Regulation 2019/452 (GEO 46/2022), which, among other things, defines the relevant concepts, sets out the types of deals reviewed, procedural aspects and potential sanctions[14].

Pursuant to GEO 46/2022, filing is mandatory for a FDI, an EU investment or a new investment, as defined under GEO 46/2022, made by a foreign investor or an EU investor  (which also includes Romanian citizens), that: (i) covers the activities relevant to national security according to Decision no. 73/2012 of the National Council for Country's Defence, in conjunction with the criteria set out in article 4 of Regulation 2019/452; and (ii) whose value exceeds a threshold of €2 million (by exception, FDIs not exceeding €2 million may also be subject to scrutiny if they are likely to have an impact on security or public order or pose a risk to them).

Foreign investors or EU investors can protect themselves by ensuring that any transaction carried out in Romania is internally pre-assessed from an FDI perspective (in other words, verifying whether the transaction falls under the criteria set out in GEO 46/2022), followed by formal filing if they conclude that the transaction meets the relevant criteria, in addition to other regulatory clearances that may be required, such as the merger clearance by the Romanian Competition Council.

Foreign exchange controls

In Romania, foreign exchange controls are primarily regulated by the National Bank of Romania (NBR) under Regulation No. 4/2005 on the foreign exchange regime. This regulation establishes the framework for foreign exchange operations, including the rights and obligations of residents and non-residents, the conduct of foreign currency transactions, and the roles of financial institutions in monitoring compliance.

Both residents and non-residents are permitted to acquire, hold, and use financial assets denominated in both foreign and domestic currencies. They may also open and maintain accounts in these currencies with authorized institutions.

Transactions between residents involving the sale of goods and services must be conducted in the national currency (leu), unless specific exceptions outlined in the NBR Regulation No. 4/2005 apply. Other transactions between residents, such as financial operations, can be conducted in either national or foreign currency, depending on mutual agreement.

Restrictions on foreign capital

In exceptional cases laid down under NBR Regulation No. 4/2005, the National Bank of Romania may impose restrictions to foreign exchange transactions. However, to the best of our knowledge, such restrictions have not been yet imposed in practice in recent times. If such an exceptional event occurred, the National Bank of Romania could impose various FX restrictions on short term FX operations (e.g., notifications /limits on FX transactions between residents and non-residents). Under the applicable norms, FX operations that could theoretically be affected are broadly defined, including payments, transfers, loans and offsets, as well as any other means of payment, depending on the nature of the relevant operation.

8. Top 5 tips to know before Investing

Investing in Romania can prove to be a fruitful endeavor, but from a legal perspective, it is key to consider the following main general aspects:

  • Carefully choose the most appropriate legal structure for your business
  • Be mindful of the applicable FDI regime, as pecuniary and civil sanctions are severe and might affect business prospects
  • Strictly observe AML and anti-corruption laws
  • Understand sector- specific regulations that may apply (banking, financial services, healthcare, energy, environment etc.) and local specificities
  • In case you are a non-EU investor, consider that in many cases Romania has concluded trade agreements (bilateral investment treaties) with other countries outside the EU, offering favourable trade terms.

It is highly recommended to consult the local legal experts to navigate Romania's intricate legal framework, understand expectations of various competent authorities to ensure compliance with local laws and maximize your chances of success in the Romanian market.

Interested in Doing Business in Romania?

Bondoc și Asociații SCA is a leading Romanian law firm (and top 10 in size in the country), involved in many of the most complex projects in the country, offering full-range of business law legal assistance.

In recent years we have worked on many of the largest and most complex transactions in the Romanian market.

For more details about our firm and partners please see: https://bondoc-asociatii.ro/

https://www.legal500.com/firms/17801-bondoc-si-asociatii-sca/c-romania/rankings

Authors:

Lucian Bondoc, Managing Partner

Diana Ispas, Partner

1 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=RO&most_recent_value_desc=true

2 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=RO&most_recent_value_desc=true

3 https://asfromania.ro/uploads/articole/attachments/659e5a3d502c9507465771.pdf

4 Around €37.5 billion potential annual savings are expected for EU companies if EU achieves its simplification goals – see https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness_en.

5https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pl/statement_24_6401

6 Romanian leu (RON)

7 Banca Naţională a României - Minutes of the monetary policy meeting of the National Bank of Romania Board on 14 February 2025

8 Template press release

9 National Bank of Romania (Banca Naţională a României) - Inflation Report

10 EBRD, Romanian officials debate industrial policy with entrepreneurs at BVB event in Bucharest | Romania Insider

11 https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility/country-pages/romanias-recovery-and-resilience-plan_en.

12 https://bondoc-asociatii.ro/bondoc-si-asociatii-sca-advised-unicredit-spa-in-connection-with-the-acquisition-of-alpha-bank-romania-s-a/ .

13  Please see our relevant Legal 500 Guides - https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/romania-real-estate/ and https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/romania-data-protection-cybersecurity/.

14 Please see also FDI comments in Chapter 6 above.

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INSOLVENCY, RESTRUCTURING AND BANKRUPTCY

Creditors’ Table of Nordis Management SRL

What is the stage of the insolvency proceedings in Romania for Nordis Management SRL? The beginning of this week starts with the publication of the preliminary debt table for the debtor, Nordis Management SRL, an essential document in the insolvency procedure in Romania that sets the amount and structure of the company’s debts towards creditors. This provides a clear picture of the financial obligations assumed by the debtor in Romania and represents an important step in determining the direction for reorganization or, in the event of failure of the recovery measures, for potential bankruptcy of a company in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates offers high-quality legal services in the insolvency procedure in Romania, assisting both creditors and debtors in the insolvency procedure in Romania for legal entities. In this article, we will analyze the main aspects related to the statement of claim in Romania and registration in the creditors’ table in the insolvency procedure in Romania, documents necessary for debt recovery in Romania for a company in insolvency procedure in Romania. Insolvency lawyer in Romania. The insolvency procedure in Romania and bankruptcy of a company in Romania The insolvency procedure in Romania for legal entities begins either at the request of the debtor in Romania or the creditor in Romania when a company can no longer pay its debts. This includes several stages, such as observation, reorganization, and, if necessary, bankruptcy. If recovery is not possible, bankruptcy of a company in Romania is initiated, at which point the company’s assets are liquidated to settle the debts. In this process, an insolvency lawyer in Romania can represent creditors to ensure that their rights are protected and that the debt recovery in Romania procedure is followed correctly. Debt recovery in Romania. The statement of claim in Romania and registration in the creditors’ table in the insolvency procedure in Romania A creditor wishing to recover debts, unpaid invoices, or any other type of debt collection in Romania from a debtor in Romania in the insolvency procedure in Romania must register in the creditors’ table by submitting a statement of claim in Romania within the deadline set by the judicial administrator. This document is essential for debt recovery in Romania and must contain all details regarding the amount owed, the nature of the claim, and supporting documents. Among the necessary documents for company insolvency to submit the statement of claim in Romania are commercial contracts, unpaid invoices, payment orders, and any other evidence proving the existence of the claim. An insolvency attorney in Romania can assist in correctly drafting the request for registration in the creditors’ table, thus avoiding the risk of rejection in the company insolvency file with debts. Insolvency lawyer in Romania. Creditor’s table in insolvency proceedings. After submitting the statements of claim in Romania for registration in the creditors’ table for a company in insolvency, the judicial administrator draws up the preliminary table, which lists the accepted and contested claims. This document is crucial for debt recovery in Romania and debt collection in Romania, as it determines the order of payment to creditors. If a creditor believes that their amount has been incorrectly registered or rejected, they can file an objection in court, where it is recommended to be represented by an experienced litigation lawyer in Romania. Nordis Management SRL’s total debts are approximately 728.9 million lei, of which more than 422 million lei are potential claims conditioned by the fulfillment of contractual obligations. The main categories of creditors are customers with sales-purchase promises, those who have abandoned projects, and current owners whose apartments are unfinished or not handed over. Litigation lawyer in Romania. The creditors’ table and debt recovery in Romania The creditors’ table represents all creditors registered in the debt table. This is essential for the debt recovery in Romania procedure, as it sets the payment priority of debts based on the category of each claim: secured, budgetary, salary, or unsecured. An insolvency lawyer in Romania can offer legal support to creditors to maximize their chances of debt collection in Romania, either through direct negotiations or by actively participating in the judicial procedure. An essential aspect of the insolvency procedure in Romania for companies is debt recovery in Romania and the recovery of unpaid invoices. Creditors must act quickly to register their claims in the insolvency procedure in Romania for companies and to cooperate with a debt recovery in Romania lawyer to protect their interests. Debt recovery in Romania within the insolvency procedure in Romania can be a complex process that requires the expertise of an insolvency lawyer in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates provides specialized legal support in debt recovery in Romania, ensuring that creditors’ rights are protected and that the insolvency procedure in Romania is followed correctly. Litigation lawyer in Romania. Appealing the creditor’s table in insolvency proceedings. A creditor in Romania can contest the preliminary table in several situations. These include unjustified exclusion of a claim, listing an amount lower than requested, incorrect classification of a claim in a certain category, or the acceptance of unfounded claims. It is essential that each creditor in Romania carefully analyzes the preliminary table to check if the listed amount corresponds to reality and if their rights are respected. The deadline for submitting an objection is 7 days from the publication of the table in the Insolvency Procedure Bulletin. Exceeding this deadline may result in the loss of the right to contest the claim’s registration, which is why prompt action is recommended for creditors interested in contesting. After analyzing the objection, the court may decide either to admit and modify the preliminary table or reject the request and maintain the initial registration. In some cases, the reevaluation of the claim may lead to an intermediate amount, depending on the evidence submitted. Regardless of the solution, creditors must be prepared to support their case with solid arguments and conclusive documents regarding the insolvency proceedings in Romania of the legal entity. Given the complexity of the insolvency procedure in Romania and the legal implications of contesting the preliminary debt table, it is essential for creditors to be assisted by an insolvency lawyer in Romania when dealing with a company in insolvency. This lawyer can provide legal support in drafting and supporting the objection, thus maximizing the chances of recovering the debts. “It is important for creditors to consult an insolvency lawyer in Romania in a timely manner, who can provide specialized legal assistance for debt recovery in Romania, minimizing the risks associated with the insolvency procedure in Romania,” stated the Managing Partner of The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates, Dr. Radu Pavel. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates has vast experience in the field of insolvency proceedings in Romania, and its lawyers can assist with the drafting of the request to open the insolvency procedure in Romania, the statement of claim in Romania, or any other matter related to company insolvency in Romania. For personalized legal consultation, contact an insolvency attorney in Romania at our firm by accessing the contact form on our website at https://avocatpavel.com/contact/./ to receive the best solutions regarding company insolvency in Romania and company bankruptcy in Romania. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates offers legal advice and representation for both creditors and debtors in company insolvency in Romania and company bankruptcy in Romania procedures. With a well-thought-out strategy and a proactive approach, creditors can efficiently protect their rights and ensure the recovery of amounts owed within these procedures. For personalized legal advice and assistance with objections to the preliminary debt table and in insolvency proceedings in Romania, contact an insolvency lawyer in Romania from our firm. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.  
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - August 27 2025
INSOLVENCY, RESTRUCTURING AND BANKRUPTCY

The legal regime of sequestration in insolvency proceedings of Nordis in Romania

  Plaintiff or creditor in Romania ? This article analyzes the impact of criminal proceedings on the insolvency procedure in Romania, in light of case law addressing the relationship between precautionary measures imposed in criminal proceedings and insolvency proceedings in Romania, specifically Decision no. 1/2020, which establishes that the existence of precautionary measures applied in a criminal case over the assets of a legal entity (company insolvency in Romania), prior to the commencement of insolvency proceedings in Romania, does not suspend the liquidation procedure under Law no. 85/2014. Although the precautionary measures may complicate asset liquidation, the insolvency procedure in Romania for the legal entity may continue, enabling creditors to recover their claims. A specialized insolvency lawyer in Romania can provide legal assistance for registering a creditor in Romania on the creditors’ list, contesting the preliminary creditors’ table, and taking any necessary steps for debt recovery in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates offers consultancy in managing company insolvency in Romania and debt recovery in Romania, also advising creditors to register both in the creditors’ table and as plaintiffs in criminal proceedings to maximize their chances of debt collection in Romania. Insolvency lawyer in Romania. The impact of criminal proceedings on insolvency procedure in Romania Criminal proceedings can significantly influence insolvency proceedings in Romania, particularly when precautionary measures such as sequestration have been imposed on a distressed company’s assets. According to applicable legal provisions, precautionary measures taken within criminal proceedings do not prevent the continuation of the insolvency procedure in Romania and do not affect creditors’ rights to be satisfied from the debtor’s assets. Assets belonging to a legal entity undergoing insolvency proceedings in Romania, over which precautionary measures have been imposed, may be acquired free of any encumbrances. It is important to note that there are exceptions to this rule for precautionary measures imposed in criminal cases aimed at special and extended confiscation. In other words, assets can be liquidated within the insolvency procedure in Romania but will be acquired with the attached sequestration. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates recommends seeking the services of a litigation lawyer in Romania and an insolvency lawyer in Romania to analyze the impact of precautionary measures on insolvency proceedings in Romania and to identify the most effective legal solutions for debt recovery in Romania. A litigation lawyer in Romania specializing in insolvency procedure in Romania and debt recovery in Romania can provide assistance in both the liquidation of assets affected by precautionary measures and in contesting these measures, where applicable. Litigation lawyer in Romania. Precautionary measures in criminal proceedings do not hinder insolvency procedures or debt recovery in Romania The precautionary measures imposed by criminal investigation authorities do not hinder the insolvency procedure in Romania or debt recovery in Romania for legal entities. On the contrary, filing criminal complaints may lead to an extension of the sequestration over the assets of individuals involved, thus increasing creditors’ chances of recovering their claims. According to provisions in Law no. 85/2014, claims of plaintiffs in criminal cases are listed in the creditors’ table under a suspensive condition, pending the final resolution of the civil action in the criminal case in favor of the harmed party, by submitting a statement of claim in Romania. Regarding creditors registered as plaintiffs in criminal proceedings, they are not required to renounce this status to be included in the creditors’ table within insolvency proceedings in Romania. The two procedures – criminal and insolvency – are complementary and can contribute to increasing the chances of debt recovery in Romania.   Debt recovery in Romania.  Asset evaluation by the judicial administrator and modifications to the creditors’ table in insolvency procedures Asset evaluation is a critical process in the insolvency procedure in Romania for companies, directly affecting how the entire procedure will unfold and the chances of creditors recovering their claims. The judicial administrator is required to prepare a detailed inventory of all assets held by the debtor in Romania, and the evaluation must be conducted in accordance with applicable legal and professional standards, a process that is essential for preparing the definitive creditors’ table. Differentiating between secured and unsecured claims is another important element, as the actual value of assets impacts the degree to which debts can be recovered. Asset value fluctuations during auctions can also affect the process, with prices potentially decreasing significantly by the time of actual liquidation. Additionally, it is important to note that the creditors’ list is not final at the beginning of the insolvency procedure in Romania. Claims can be contested, and if the court accepts the challenges, the creditors’ table may be modified. Some claims may be initially rejected but can be readmitted later after the resolution of the disputes. Furthermore, creditors who were not initially notified can still submit their claims even after the creditors’ table is finalized. This flexibility is crucial for ensuring a fair process and protecting the rights of all parties involved. A specialized insolvency lawyer in Romania and litigation lawyer in Romania can provide complex legal assistance for creditor in Romania to register in the creditors’ list, including contesting the preliminary creditors’ table, filing liability actions, and representing clients in debt collection in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates has vast experience in the field of insolvency proceedings in Romania, and its lawyers can assist with the drafting of the request to open the insolvency procedure in Romania, the statement of claim in Romania, or any other matter related to company insolvency in Romania. For personalized legal consultation, contact an insolvency attorney in Romania at our firm by accessing the contact form on our website at https://avocatpavel.com/contact/ to receive the best solutions regarding company insolvency in Romania and company bankruptcy in Romania. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us “It is essential to consult an insolvency attorney in Romania to ensure you follow all the steps imposed by law in company insolvency in Romania, for both creditors and debtors,” stated the Managing Partner of The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates, Dr. Radu Pavel. In conclusion, although criminal proceedings and insolvency proceedings in Romania are distinct, they are interconnected in a way that can significantly contribute to protecting creditors’ rights and maximizing debt recovery in Romania chances. Each creditor in Romania must adopt a well-defined strategy, taking into account the specifics of each procedure. While the insolvency procedure in Romania allows for asset liquidation and debt collection in Romania, the criminal process can assist by identifying fraudulent acts and extending precautionary measures, thus protecting creditors’ rights in the company insolvency in Romania. However, asset liquidation may face obstacles, such as lack of necessary documentation, encumbrances in the land registry, or sequestration imposed by criminal authorities. Therefore, careful management and specialized legal consultation from an insolvency attorney in Romania are essential throughout these legal proceedings. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.  
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - August 27 2025
Corporate, Commercial and M&A

What steps should you follow when buying a business in Romania?

Due Diligence – Essential in the acquisition process Acquiring a business, even if it is joint stock company in Romania or limited liability company in Romania, requires a detailed analysis of all financial, legal and commercial aspects to eliminate risks and ensure a secure investment. Due diligence in Romania is an essential process in any transaction and the involvement of a business lawyer in Romania, a corporate lawyer in Romania, and a company lawyer in Romania is essential throughout the process. A business for sale in Romania must be analyzed from all perspectives, starting with verifying debts, examining commercial contracts and determining the status of employees, receivables and financial obligations. In the case of a limited liability company in Romania for sale or a joint stock company in Romania for sale, thorough due diligence in Romania is necessary to confirm that the transaction is secure and such an analysis can only be conducted with the help of a corporate lawyer in Romania specialized in mergers and acquisitions in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates offers top legal services in M&A in Romania, supporting clients in the due diligence in Romania process and identifying all risks associated with a business transfers in Romania. Whether it involves a transfer of shares in Romania, a business share purchase agreement in Romania or start a business in Romania, the expertise of the M&A team is essential to protect the interests of both buyers and sellers. Due diligence for a business for sale in Romania When an investor is in the process of buying or selling share capital in Romania, they must analyze all the legal implications of the transaction. A M&A in Romania transaction is not only about the exchange of ownership but also about operational integration and business sale lawyers in Romania oversee every detail to ensure compliance with corporate law regulations. A business for sale in Romania can present multiple legal issues if not thoroughly analyzed. This is why the due diligence in Romania process must include identifying all shareholders, verifying financial and tax obligations through a detailed debt verification report and establishing all contractual rights and obligations. A company lawyer in Romania must assess each active contract, identify any litigation involving the company and provide advice on potential risks. A transfer of shares in Romania should only take place after a thorough analysis of the ownership structure and legal implications and a business lawyer in Romania is the most qualified to manage the entire process. If an investor is analyzing companies for sale in Romania with profit, it is important to ensure that the declared profitability is real and that financial obligations align with the company’s economic reality. Another important aspect of the business transfers in Romania process is identifying all receivables and verifying debts and assets in Romania. If a company is presented as part of the sale a company in Romania category without debts, a complex analysis must be conducted to confirm this status. A corporate lawyer in Romania works with specialized tax consultants who provide support in reviewing tax and financial documents to confirm that the company has no hidden obligations that could later impact the buyer. Additionally, analyzing contracts with business partners and suppliers is essential to avoid potential contractual conflicts after the transaction is completed. In an M&A in Romania, the proper integration of the new business into the buyer’s structure depends on a rigorous analysis conducted by a company lawyer in Romania. Business lawyer in Romania. Business share purchase agreement in Romania and the due diligence A limited liability company in Romania for sale may seem like an opportunity for an investor in Romania, but without careful due diligence in Romania, the risks can be significant. Before a transfer of shares in Romania is executed, it is necessary to analyze in detail the status of employees, the contracts signed by the company being acquired and its tax obligations and assets in Romania to avoid any legal or financial surprises. The transfer of shares in Romania involves drafting and signing several essential documents, which must be prepared and reviewed by a business lawyer in Romania to comply with corporate law. These include the business share purchase agreement in Romania, which sets the transaction terms, the Resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders required to approve the transfer of shares in Romania, the updated articles of association, declarations on behalf of the new shareholders and directors confirming compliance with legal conditions and the registration request at the Trade Register to formalize the transfer. In M&A in Romania transactions, a detailed verification of the company’s assets in Romania and contractual clauses is an essential step for a successful acquisition, which is why The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates recommends seeking the services of a corporate lawyer in Romania and business sale lawyers in Romania. Any transfer of shares in Romania must be carefully negotiated to protect the parties’ interests and avoid future misunderstandings, while professional verification and documentation drafting ensure investment protection. Corporate lawyer in Romania. Business transfers in Romania A business transfers in Romania may represent an efficient solution for restructuring a company or acquiring a functional operation in Romania, but it requires a detailed analysis of legal, fiscal and operational aspects to ensure a secure and advantageous process for all parties involved. A business transfers in Romania refers to the process by which a part or the entire activity of a business is transferred from one entity to another. This may include transferring assets in Romania (such as goods, equipment, buildings), rights and obligations, or even the entire business structure, including employees, in compliance with labor laws, clients and contracts. Revenues obtained from the transfer of shares in Romania are taxable and must be correctly documented to comply with tax regulations. Another important aspect is VAT, which may be exempt under certain conditions. If the business transfers in Romania is carried out between affiliated entities, market-based pricing, known as transfer pricing, must be applied and properly documented to avoid tax authority adjustments. Additionally, employee rights must be protected, and their transfer must be accompanied by prior notification, complying with all legal requirements. “A company lawyer in Romania plays an important role in any commercial transaction and is indispensable in the due diligence in Romania process. From document verification, commercial contract analysis, debt and receivable examination, to drafting the necessary documentation for business transfers in Romania, the involvement of a specialist is recommended for every investor,” said Dr. Radu Pavel, the Managing Partner of The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates. The mergers and acquisitions in Romania practice is a broad and highly important field within our firm. We have experience in all stages of the acquisition process, from business share purchase agreement in Romania, contract reviewing in Romania, mortgage contracts related to business transfers in Romania, mergers or divisions with private or state-owned companies, or those in insolvency procedures, joint ventures, and more. Do not hesitate to contact us by accessing the contact form on our website https://avocatpavel.com/contact/. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us In conclusion, any mergers and acquisitions in Romania transaction must be supported by a team of specialists, and the role of a corporate lawyer in Romania, business lawyer in Romania, and business sale lawyers in Romania is essential for the success of such an operation. Whether it is a business transfers in Romania, M&A in Romania, or a sale a company in Romania without debts, only a rigorous due diligence in Romania can ensure that all financial, legal, and commercial aspects are properly verified. Thus, any business for sale or companies for sale in Romania with profit must be carefully analyzed and with the involvement of a business lawyer in Romania, the investor can be assured of a risk-free acquisition. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - August 27 2025
Corporate, Commercial and M&A

Classification in the Russell Index for the Local Economy

How Does the Russell Index Classification Help Romania’s Economy? The inclusion of Romanian companies in the global stock indices of FTSE Russell represents a significant step for the development of the capital market in Romania. The global index provider FTSE Russell has maintained 13 Romanian companies in its Global All Cap and Global Micro Cap indices, dedicated to emerging markets, according to the results of the latest review. This ranking not only increases the visibility of domestic firms on international markets but also contributes to attracting new investments and foreign direct investments in Romania. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates advises investors to seek the services of specialized lawyers for assistance for start a business in Romania and launching a business in Romania, consultancy in Corporate Law, Labor Law, Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A in Romania) and complex M&A transactions, FDI investment in Romania, as well as ensuring compliance with applicable legislation. Business lawyer in Romania. What is the Russell Index? The Russell Index is a series of stock market indices calculated by FTSE Russell, used to measure the performance of different segments of the US stock market. The most well-known of these is the Russell 2000, which tracks the performance of 2,000 US companies. The link between the Russell Index and Romania comes through the inclusion of Romanian companies in FTSE Russell’s global indices, which classify international stock markets. In 2020, Romania was upgraded by FTSE Russell from a frontier market to a secondary emerging market. This change allowed the inclusion of Romanian companies in international indices, attracting foreign investments in Romania from investors worldwide. A corporate lawyer in Romania or business lawyer in Romania provides legal services for investors, including advice on business formation and structure, mergers and acquisitions (M&A in Romania) and corporate regulations. Additionally, a corporate lawyer in Romania or business lawyer in Romania can legally assist investors in Romania in negotiating and drafting commercial contracts, launching a business in Romania and restructuring a business in Romania, thus contributing to the creation of a stable and secure business environment for FDI in Romania, FDI investment in Romania and investors in Romania. Corporate lawyer in Romania. The attractiveness of the Romanian market for business investors in Romania The inclusion of Romanian companies in FTSE Russell’s global stock indices is an important step for the development of the capital market in Romania and attracting foreign direct investments in Romania. In this context, M&A in Romania are important for companies seeking to strengthen their position, as they represent an opportunity to integrate into global value chains, access new financial resources and expand their operations. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates provides specialized legal assistance in the M&A process, helping investors and Romanian companies negotiate and draft shareholder agreements, conduct due diligence, structure transactions, assess legal and fiscal risks and obtain the necessary authorizations from authorities. A corporate lawyer in Romania or business lawyer in Romania is prepared to support companies in attracting foreign direct investment in Romania and assisting them with M&A transactions. Business lawyer in Romania. Foreign investments in Romania Romania offers a favorable environment for investments, and the inclusion of Romanian companies in FTSE Russell’s global indices represents a significant opportunity for attracting foreign capital. It allows Romanian companies to benefit from increased visibility on international markets and easier access to global financial markets. Moreover, investors wishing to start a business in Romania can take advantage of favorable regulations and the support of financial institutions to develop their new business. “Maintaining all Romanian companies in FTSE Russell’s indices dedicated to Emerging Markets reaffirms that Romania is an attractive country for business investors in Romania from all over the world,” said Dr. Radu Pavel, the Managing Partner of The Romanian Law Firm Pavel, Mărgărit and Associates. Do not hesitate to contact us by accessing the form on our website https://avocatpavel.com/contact/ to discuss opportunities for launching a business in Romania, M&A transactions and the legal assistance needed for foreign development investment in Romania. Don’t navigate these challenges alone. Contact Us today for expert assistance tailored to your needs. Contact Us In conclusion, the inclusion of Romanian companies in FTSE Russell’s global stock indices marks a remarkable moment for the evolution of the capital market in Romania, strengthening its status as a country attractive to foreign direct investments in Romania. In this context, The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates is ready to provide consultancy and legal assistance services for investors in Romania. These include start a business in Romania and launching a business in Romania, support in M&A in Romania transactions, assistance and representation in negotiating and drafting commercial contracts, due diligence, day-to-day consulting and similar services. Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2024, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2024 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.
Pavel, Margarit & Associates Romanian Law Firm - August 27 2025