Air transportation safety has long been of critical supply chain importance and geopolitical significance, and that role is growing. Supply chain constraints over this decade have driven a need for adaptation, modal diversification and cost containment. To do so, authorized air cargo providers have increasingly explored new ways to add capacity for regulated surface transportation.
The primary regulated air cargo providers in the United States are air carriers and indirect air carriers. Direct air carriers operating under 14 CFR Part 119 are certificated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration, and DHS’s Transportation Security Administration. The operating rules associated with direct air carriage are found in 14 CFR Parts 121 or 135. Indirect air carriers, on the other hand, are persons or entities within the United States that do not possess an FAA air carrier operating certificate but undertake to engage indirectly in the air transportation