Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOS) In Nigeria: Licensing Obligations

1.0. INTRODUCTION

Nigeria's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is a critical driver of the country's digital economy. It contributed approximately 10.29% to Nigeria's Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 10.59% to the real GDP in the first quarter of 2025, with the telecommunications sub-sector accounting for about 14.40% to the GDP in the fourth quarter of 2024.¹

Despite over 220 million active mobile subscriptions, mobile internet usage remains relatively low, with only about 29% of Nigerians regularly accessing internet services. In response to the growing demand for improved connectivity and service diversity, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) introduced a Licensing Framework for the establishment of the Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs).² As of 2024 more than 40 MVNO licenses have been issued, highlighting the strong market interest and potential for this model to enhance competition and expand digital access across