Introduction
Artificial intelligence is increasingly being used for legal research, drafting, translation and document review. These tools can improve efficiency, but they also produce a serious risk in adjudication: the generation of non-existent or inaccurately described case law. A fabricated judgment may appear authentic because it contains a plausible case name, citation, court and legal proposition. If it is not verified and is relied upon by a court or tribunal, the problem is no longer merely technological. It becomes a threat to the legitimacy of judicial decision-making.
The Supreme Court’s decision in Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd provides the clearest warning yet from an Indian court. On 2 July 2026, the Court set aside orders of the National Company Law Tribunal and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal after finding that the adjudicatory reasoning relied upon fake, non-existent and AI-hallucinated precedents.
