NPC Passes The National Security Law In China

China's cross-border data transfer regime has moved from paper framework to active enforcement in 2026, with regulators issuing significant fines and new rules for both small and large data processors. The three-pathway framework of CAC security assessment, Standard Contract filing, and personal information protection certification is now fully operational, creating real compliance obligations for any business moving personal data out of China.

对于因开展业务等而需要向中国境外提供个人信息的中国境内企业，《个保法》明确提供了上述三条主要合规路径，即通过安全评估、进行个&#

摘要：数据合规已成为数字经济时代科技企业申请上市的最重要的法律关口之一。本文从2021年度最新（申报）上市案例出发，在梳理、分析相关

为持续加强数据出境安全管理政策宣贯，指导和帮助数据处理者高效合规开展数据出境活动，2025年4月9日，国家互联网信息办公室发布...

得益于药品上市许可持有人制度确立、药品审评审批制度改革、专利链接制度...

2022年，一场震惊全球的数据泄露事件将某知名国际网约车公司推上风口浪尖。黑客通过社交工程手段攻破其第三方供应商员工的VPN权限，进而入侵多个内部系统，导致大量员工和司机的姓名、邮箱、位置信息、账户内容等个人数据遭到外泄。事件发生后，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）率先发起调查&#

但同时，鉴于数据资产的特性，比如非排他性、价值的不确定性等，亦会导致数据资产在企业财务报表中体现跟计量存在难度，也会由此而使数据

This comprehensive legal journal explores the evolving landscape of data governance in China's digital economy, examining new regulations for small-scale personal information processors...

2024年9月30日，中国国务院发布了《网络数据安全管理条例》（以下简称"新条例"）， 新条例有效地整合了不同监管维度下对相关...

China's new regulation introduces simplified compliance measures for small-scale personal information processors handling data of fewer than 100,000 individuals.

The Code is voluntary, but it will likely become an important reference point for demonstrating compliance with Article 50 of the AI Act.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a preliminary injunction against Perplexity AI, determining that when an AI agent acts at a user's direction, it is the user—not the AI company—who "accesses" computer systems under federal and California computer fraud statutes. This landmark appellate decision addresses how existing computer-access laws apply to agentic artificial intelligence and has significant implications...

The European Commission has initiated infringement procedures against 20 EU Member States for failing to transpose the EmpCo Directive by the March 27, 2026 deadline. This directive aims to combat greenwashing by requiring substantiation of environmental claims and third-party certification for sustainability labels, with full implementation expected by September 27, 2026.

Mexico's comprehensive anti-money laundering framework has undergone a sweeping transformation through Acuerdo 115/2026, introducing mandatory risk-based methodologies, enhanced client due diligence protocols, and automated monitoring requirements. With implementation deadlines beginning March 1, 2027, obligated parties conducting vulnerable activities face compressed timelines to overhaul their compliance infrastructure while navigating heightened enforcement risks and stricter beneficial ownership thresho

China's Supreme People's Court has issued comprehensive judicial rules addressing artificial intelligence disputes, establishing frameworks for product liability, intellectual property rights, and data protection. These landmark opinions provide critical guidance for global companies navigating AI-related legal risks in China's evolving regulatory landscape.

The European Commission has proposed replacing the EU's three core procurement directives with a single, directly applicable Regulation that would fundamentally reshape how companies compete for public contracts across Member States. The reform introduces mandatory quality criteria thresholds, embeds ESG considerations as evaluation factors, and establishes new security and European-preference provisions that could restrict participation based on ownership, supply chain exposure, and strategic dependencies.

A federal court has struck down New York's Climate Change Superfund Act, which sought to recover $75 billion from fossil fuel companies based on historical emissions. The ruling found the Act preempted by the Clean Air Act, marking the first judicial decision on state climate superfund legislation and establishing that EPA's rescission of the endangerment finding does not alter preemption analysis.

The European Commission has adopted final Guidelines on exclusionary abuses of dominance under Article 102 TFEU, introducing a "workable effects approach" that narrows presumptions while expanding guidance on objective justifications and recognizing sustainability benefits as valid efficiencies for the first time. These Guidelines replace the 2008 Enforcement Priorities Guidance and are expected to significantly impact enforcement practices across EU Member States and beyond, particularly for digital market

France's Anti-Corruption Agency has imposed its first-ever monetary sanctions under the Sapin II Act, penalizing a company €350,000 and its president €60,000 for widespread compliance failures. The landmark decision establishes critical precedents for enforcement strategy, breach assessment timing, and personal executive liability in anti-corruption matters.

The user of defective goods benefi ts from several causes of action against the vendor or manufacturer.