Ganado Advocates

Ganado Advocates is pleased to announce the appointment of Lorraine Poole and Robert Taylor-East as new Partners within the firm’s banking and finance practice and corporate finance and tax practice, respectively. Their individual expertise and professional dedication further strengthen the firm’s commitment to delivering the highest standard of legal services across our key practice areas.

Introduction In a recent judgment delivered on the 6 June 2025, the First Hall Civil Court (the “FHCC”), in the case Raymond Azzopardi (the “Claimant”) vs Adrian Borg (the “Respondent”) presided by Madame Justice Audrey Demicoli, considered the legal obligations of contractors concerning the standard of skill and craftsmanship required under a contract of works.

The European Accessibility Act (“EAA”), formally known as Directive (EU) 2019/882 (and the Maltese transposition through the “Accessibility Measures (European Accessibility Act) Regulations” – S.L. 627.03), is set to significantly transform the digital and consumer landscape across the European Union. With full implementation required by June 28, 2025, this landmark legislation aims to reduce barriers and foster universal design, ensuring greater accessibility for people with disabilities.

Ganado Advocates is the author of the 2025 Marine Money International chapter on shipping in Malta (Q2, volume 41, number 2).

The Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), published in July 2024, applies across all sectors, including insurance. The AI Act follows a risk-based approach and classifies AI systems into four categories according to their risk level: prohibited, high risk, limited and minimal risk. The AI Act defines a comprehensive set of governance and risk management measures that high-risk systems need to comply with, alongside the requirements already in place under sectoral legislation.

On 10 June 2025, the European Banking Authority (“EBA”) published its long-awaited Opinion[1] on how the existing second Payment Services Directive (“PSD2”) interacts with the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (“MiCA”), in the context of electronic money tokens (“EMTs”). The issue at hand is that EMTs, under MiCA, are defined as electronic money—meaning they also fall within the definition of “funds” under PSD2. This dual classification has created a regulatory grey area for crypto-asset service providers (“CASPs”), who may find themselves needing two separate authorisations to carry out what is essentially one activity.

The Malta Financial Services Authority (“MFSA”) has published a Dear CEO letter addressed to all chief executive officers and compliance officers of ‘persons professionally arranging or executing transactions’, particularly to investment services providers. The letters sets out the MFSA’s main findings following numerous market abuse-related supervisory inspections which it carried out with numerous Maltese investment services providers – primarily member firms of the Malta Stock Exchange – between 2020 and 2024.The letter makes for some interesting reading as it gives the MFSA’s perspective on the industry’s compliance with MAR generally.

Recent launch of public consultation on the proposed introduction of an auto-enrolment occupational pension regime in Malta

Introduction Over the past few years, the European Union has been actively working to overhaul its pharmaceutical legislative framework to better address unmet medical needs, such as those relating to rare diseases, as well as to improve Europe’s competitiveness in the pharmaceutical market and to support innovation. In fact, in April 2023, the European Commission (the “Commission”) had published a new so-called ‘pharma package’ which included proposals for a new regulation and a directive aimed precisely at tackling such issues. Such proposals now have to be negotiated with the European Parliament for a final version of these new rules to be agreed upon.

The Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) has reaffirmed its commitment to robust supervision and regulatory innovation in the insurance sector, as detailed in its 2024 Annual Report. The Authority’s efforts throughout the year focused on enhancing prudential oversight, consumer protection, and regulatory alignment with evolving European standards.

Ganado Advocates is the author of the Malta chapter in Lexology Panoramic – Trademarks guide, 2025 edition.

Ganado Advocates has contributed to the Malta chapter in the 2025 edition of Lexology Panoramic – Restructuring and Insolvency guide.

Ganado Advocates has contributed to the Malta chapter in the 2025 edition of Lexology Panoramic: Financial Services Compliance.

Ganado Advocates has contributed to the Malta Chapter of the 4th edition of the Legal 500 Renewable Energy Comparative Guide.

The general provisions found under Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts (the “Unfair Terms Directive”), which is aimed at safeguarding consumer rights in contracts with suppliers, have often been analysed and supplemented by judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) over the years. Particularly in relation to banking and financial contracts, the CJEU has assessed specific terms in such contracts, including clauses on variable interest rates and foreign currency loans, alleged to be unfair.

The most recent amendments to the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) of 2006, represent a significant step in strengthening the rights and welfare of seafarers. These changes, adopted at international level during the 110th session of the International Labour Conference have been transposed into Maltese law through Legal Notice 26 of 2025 and published by Transport Malta through the Merchant Shipping Notice No. 190 of the 5th February 2025. The amendments respond to critical issues exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic and reflect a broader commitment to the progressive enhancement of international maritime labour standards.

Ganado Advocates is the author of the Malta chapter in the Chambers Global Practice Guide 2025 on Artificial Intelligence (AI).

The European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”), the EU’s financial markets regulator and supervisor, has today released its final reports on the Prospectus Regulation and on civil prospectus liability. The reports set out recommendations designed to support capital markets activity by streamlining regulatory requirements.

On 25 February 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a pivotal ruling in BSH Hausgeräte GmbH v. Electrolux AB (Case C-339/22), addressing jurisdictional issues in cross-border patent litigation. The Court held that a Member State court retains jurisdiction to hear an infringement action under Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (“Brussels I bis Regulation”), even when the defendant challenges the validity of the intellectual property (“IP”) right. Additionally, the ruling sheds light on how disputes involving IP rights registered in non-EU countries – such as Turkey – are to be handled.

Introduction In today’s rapidly evolving global economy, ships are identified as key industry players by virtue of their day-to-day cross-border voyages making them one of the most essential and volatile economic units. The invaluable nature of shipping must not be underestimated, especially considering that it transports about 90% of global trade whilst simultaneously being the least environmentally harmful mode of transportation, as held by the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”).1

The Malta Financial Services Authority (“MFSA”) has revised Chapter 2 of the Financial Institutions Rulebook (“FIR/02”) and Chapter 3 of the Financial Institutions Rulebook (“FIR/03”) to reflect recent regulatory developments at European level. These updates, which were published on 28 May 2025 pursuant to an MFSA circular, are intended to:

The Small Initiatives Support Scheme (SIS), a key funding mechanism for voluntary organisations, has been renewed for another year. This scheme, administered by the Malta Council for the Voluntary Sector (MCVS), aims to support applicants seeking funding for small-scale projects that have the potential to make a meaningful impact. The scheme is designed to foster collaboration among voluntary organisations, encourage volunteering—particularly among youth—and support voluntary organisations as an important part of civil society.

Introduction to counterclaims under the ICSID Convention A counterclaim is an independent claim made by a respondent party against a claimant, which reacts and is incidental to the original claim, while also having an objective which extends beyond the mere dismissal of that original claim.1 Therefore, a counterclaim has both a defensive quality which aims at defeating the primary claim, as well as an offensive quality with the simultaneous filing of an independent claim relating to the subject-matter of the dispute.2

On 28 April 2025, the Court of Magistrates, presided over by Magistrate Dr Victor G. Axiak, delivered a partial judgment in the case of Nigel Scerri and Ennessee Ltd v. SR Environmental Solutions Ltd. This case raised significant issues on the operation of Article 15(3) of the Arbitration Act (Chapter 387 of the laws of Malta) and the impact of arbitration clauses on the jurisdiction of Maltese civil courts.

For decades, Malta’s rental laws have been a legal minefield, balancing the rights of landlords against the protection of tenants. However, recent constitutional judgments are shaking up the status quo, with court ruling that aspects of Malta’s rent control framework infringe upon property owners’ fundamental rights.

On the 9 May 2025, the MFSA issued a consultation document on the national transposition and implementation of the Banking Package,1 namely CRDVI2 and CRRIII. While the requirements of CRRIII3 are legally binding and were largely applicable as from 1 January 2025, the provisions of the CRDVI need to be transposed into local legislation and shall apply from 11 January 2026, with a few derogations relating to the third country branches’ framework which shall become fully applicable from 11 January 2027.

As part of the reforms introduced by the EU Listing Act (“Listing Act”), important amendments have been made to article 17 of the Market Abuse Regulation (“MAR”), specifically in relation to (a) the disclosure of inside information during “protracted processes”, and (b) the delay of disclosure of inside information. These changes will begin to apply from 5 June 2026.

CJEU rules Maltese naturalisation framework breaches EU law Citation:                          Case C-181/23, CJEU (Grand Chamber), Judgment of 29 April 2025 Case Reference Court:                               Court of Justice of the European Union (Grand Chamber) Judgment date:                 29 April 2025 Case number:                   C-181/23 Parties:                             European Commission (Applicant) v. Republic of Malta (Defendant) Type of Action:                Infringement procedure under Article 258 TFEU

On the 16th April 2025, the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) has issued a Circular introducing key regulatory changes affecting bancassurance in response to a 2022 European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruling.

On 5 February 2025, the Court of Appeal (in its inferior jurisdiction), delivered its final judgment in the case of ‘D.M. v X Insurance’ which related to an appeal filed by X Insurance (the “Insurer”).

On 12 May 2025, the Merchant Shipping Directorate of Transport Malta issued Merchant Shipping Notice 193, which introduces a significant regulatory development concerning the issuance and legal recognition of statutory certificates by the Malta Ship Registry.

Introduction In ‘Sandy Yacht Marina Limited v. Bastiment M/Y Leymour’ decided by the First Hall of the Civil Court (the “Court”) on 27th March 2025, the Court held that defining whether services qualify as ‘salvage’ is a key consideration to make when determining the payment of salvage services.

On 27th March 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) delivered a ruling in the case Matthäus Metzler, acting as insolvency practitioner in insolvency proceedings vs. Auto1 European Cars BV (Case C‑186/24) concerning the interpretation of Article 31(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (the “Insolvency Regulation”). The request was made in proceedings between Mr Matthäus Metzler (the “Plaintiff”), acting as insolvency practitioner in insolvency proceedings opened against a debtor, and Auto1 European Cars BV (the “Defendant”) concerning the payment to the insolvency estate of an amount corresponding to the market value of a vehicle sold by the debtor to the Defendant after the opening of the insolvency proceedings.

Introduction In ‘Ruth Magro v. Ir-Registratur tal-Kumpanniji’ decided by the Court of Appeal on the 25th of February 2025, the Court of Appeal held that the guarantee of peaceful possession granted by the seller to the buyer in the context of a real estate transaction does not amount to a contingent liability, where such guarantee is not capable of being valued.

We are pleased to announce that we have joined the Sino International Professional Advisory Council (SIPAC) as the exclusive member firm for Malta. SIPAC is a global community of legal and compliance professionals across 40+ jurisdictions. The council aims to provide high-quality professional support for outbound legal and compliance matters for Chinese companies.

On March 11, 2025, the Maltese Court of Appeal delivered a landmark judgement in Associated Supplies Limited vs. Joseph Mizzi, clarifying the scope of fiduciary duties under Maltese law. The court emphasised that such obligations extend beyond directors and trustees to include employees in key managerial positions or high-responsibility roles. The Court held that such duties arise from the nature of one’s role and the trust reposed in the individual, not merely from formal titles.

The NIS 2 Directive, the European Union’s latest legislative instrument aimed at enhancing cybersecurity resilience across the bloc, has officially been transposed into Maltese law. This was done through Legal Notice 71 of 2025, published on 8 April 2025.

Malta’s maritime industry is largely governed by the Merchant Shipping Act of 1973, Chapter 234 of the Laws of Malta (the “Merchant Shipping Act”), a legislative cornerstone regulating among others, vessel registration, security interests such as mortgages, safety standards, seafarers’ rights and shipowner obligations. Over the years, the Merchant Shipping Act has evolved to keep pace with global maritime trends, and now, it stands on the brink of another major transformation through Act No. I of 2025 (the “Act”).

Summary The Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) delivered a ruling on 6 February 2025 in the case of Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno – Handlowo – Usługowe A. vs. P. S.A., (Case C-677/22) whereby it interpreted the applicability of Article 3(5) of Directive 2011/7/EU on combating late payments in commercial transactions (recast) (the “Late Payments Directive”). Article 3(5) of the Late Payments Directive states that in commercial transactions between undertakings the payment period within such a contract cannot exceed 60 calendar days, unless otherwise expressly agreed in the contract and provided that it is not grossly unfair to the creditor within the meaning of Article 7 of the same directive. The CJEU in the aforementioned ruling examined the two conditions under which the period for payment can exceed 60 calendar days and elaborated on the instances where a derogation from the 60 calendar days for payment can be considered unlawful.

On 4th March 2025,   the Civil Court (Commercial Section), presided by Madame Justice Audrey Demicoli, in the case “Advocate Joseph Mizzi as Special Attorney of Iurii Degtiar and Mykhailo Tretiak vs MB Shipping Limited (C 40945) and Tetiana Tyspkunova in her capacity as director of MB Shipping Limited, revoked the issuance of a warrant of prohibitory injunction, on the basis that claimants had other legal remedies available.  It also held that the loss to be suffered by claimants was pecuniary in nature and did not constitute “irreparable” harm.

In terms of the EU Market Abuse Regulation (MAR), issuers may acquire their own shares without any concern of engaging in insider dealing and/or market manipulation, provided that they follow the requirements set out in article 5.  One of these requirements is for issuers to report their share buy backs to the relevant competent authority no later than by the end of the 7th daily market session following the date of the execution of the transaction. Issuers need to report their buy backs both on an aggregated and an individual basis.

MFSA FINDINGS ON INSIDER LIST COMPLIANCE In a recent Dear CEO Letter (the Letter), the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) provided the market with a summary of its findings from a data-gathering exercise carried out with 28 Maltese issuers in respect of their obligation to keep insider lists (LOI) in terms of article 18 of the EU Market Abuse Regulation (MAR).

In a judgment delivered on 14 February 2025 by the First Hall, Civil Court (the “Court”) in the case of Captain Tara Merlin Ehrlich vs MV Force India, the Court examined the interplay between maritime employment rights and the legal framework for enforcing such claims under Maltese law. The crux of the dispute related to allegations of unpaid wages and other expenses allegedly owed to Captain Tara Merlin Ehrlich (the “Captain”) employed aboard the Maltese-flagged vessel Force India (the “Vessel”). This case not only highlights the protections available to seafarers under the Code of Organization and Civil Procedure (COCP), Chapter 12 of the Laws of Malta (the “COCP”), and the Merchant Shipping Act, Chapter 234 of the Laws of Malta (THE “Merchant Shipping Act”), but also provides insight into the evidentiary standards required for successfully pursuing such a claim in the Maltese courts.

(Case-181/23 – Citizenship by Investment) The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has announced the date for its much-anticipated ruling in the EU Commission’s infringement proceedings against Malta’s Citizenship by Investment framework: April 29, 2025. This follows the favourable Advocate General’s Opinion issued on October 4, 2024.

In a judgment delivered by the General Court of the European Union (the “Court”) on the 12 March 2025 in the case of PGI Spain and Others (the “Plaintiffs”) vs the European Commission (the “Commission”), the Plaintiffs sought the revocation of the Commission’s decision not to object to Spain and Portugal’s measures designed to mitigate the recent surges in electricity prices in the Iberian Peninsula.

Introduction: In Commission v Malta (filed on the 22 March 2023), the European Commission challenged Malta’s Citizenship by Investment framework. Timeline: how did we get here? It is useful at this juncture to recall how the whole process came about:

On 13 February 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) delivered a preliminary ruling in the case C-472/23 in the names Lexitor sp. z o.o. v A. B.S.A, clarifying certain scenarios where lenders may be deemed to be in breach of their obligations to provide consumers with the information set out in Article 10(2)(g) and Article 10(2)(k) of Directive 2008/48/EC (the “Consumer Credit Directive” or the “CCD”).

In Riċevitur Uffiċjali fil-kapaċita’ tagħha ta’ stralċjarja tal-kumpanija Cassar & Schembri Marketing Ltd v. Reġistratur tal-Kumpaniji, decided by Mr Justice Ian Spiteri Bailey (Civil Court – Commercial Section) on 10 January 2025, the Court resorted to an exceptional remedy at law and ordered the restoration of the company Cassar & Schembri Marketing Ltd (C 33174) (the “Company”) (which was previously dissolved by a court order and had been struck off) to the Register of Companies (the “Register”), for a limited time only, since there was a mistake in the list and ranking of creditors, so  that the Official Receiver, in her capacity as liquidator of the Company, would be able to proceed with the distribution of the assets of the Company in terms of an amended list of creditors and their ranking.

The MFSA have in February this year launched the framework for Collective Investment Schemes structured as Limited Partnerships without separate legal personality, referred to as Special Limited Partnership Funds (“SLPFs”), as part of the MFSA’s initiatives in relation to asset management.

On 28 February 2025, the MFSA published a Conduct of Business Rulebook (the “Rulebook”) for credit institutions offering retail products and services with the aim of enhancing consumer protection in the banking sector. The Rulebook was accompanied by the publication of a Feedback Statement which outlines the salient changes implemented by the MFSA to the consultation version of the Rulebook which was published in February 2024 as well as certain clarifications.[1] The Rulebook will come into force 1 March 2026, although products such as consumer credit, home loans and payment accounts will at this stage continue to be governed by the provisions of the relative legal notices which regulate them pending repeal and substitution of these legal notices by the Rulebook provisions.

It is with pleasure that Ganado Advocates announces Catherine Formosa’s promotion to Of Counsel, effective 6th March 2025. Catherine has been a key member of the firm’s banking and payments practice, where her expertise has greatly contributed to the firm’s ability to guide clients through complex legal matters in the regulatory, corporate governance, financing and capital markets spheres.

As the maritime sector continues to evolve, innovative financial instruments are emerging to facilitate investment and secure maritime transactions. Among these, the finance charter instrument introduced by Act No. I of 2025 (the “Act”) stands out for its potential to reshape ship financing.

Act No. I of 2025 (the “Act”) builds upon key principles from the Maltese Civil Code, Chapter 16 of the Laws of Malta (the “Civil Code”), integrating its lease concept into maritime legislation, however a clear distinction must be made between a finance and a bareboat charterer.

Act No. I of 2025 (the “Act”) introduces the finance charter instrument as a legal mechanism to secure lessors’ rights in ship financing. This article analyses the newly available security instruments, particularly the financial charter instrument.

The tragic sinking of the British-flagged Bayesian yacht off the coast of Sicily, which resulted in the loss of seven lives, has sparked debates on the adequacy of safety regulations for pleasure yachts compared to their commercial counterparts. The incident underscores disparities in the regulatory frameworks governing these categories of yachts, raising questions about whether lighter oversight for pleasure yachts remains justified in the face of larger pleasure yachts being manufactured.

The purpose of this article is to highlight key reforms introduced in Act No. I of 2025 (the “Act”), aimed at strengthening Malta’s maritime sector.

On 28th January 2025 in Case C-253/23, “ASG 2 Ausgleichsgesellschaft für die Sägeindustrie Nordrhein-Westfalen GmbH v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen” the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) clarified the compatibility of national law provisions limiting collective actions with the right of persons to be compensated for harm caused to them as a result of a competition law infringement. The ECJ confirmed that victims of competition law infringements may assign their right to claim damages, if this is the only way in which their right to seek damages can be effectively exercised.

In the latest episode of the Ganado Meets IP podcast, Paul Micallef Grimaud, partner at Ganado Advocates, speaks to Simon Schembri and Kris Bartolo, partners at Ganado Advocates and Zampa Partners, respectively, on the attractiveness of Malta to IP-centric industries and the services generated by these industries.

On 7 November 2024, the Court of Appeal (Civil, Superior) delivered its final judgment in the case of ‘C.B. v Water Sports Operations Limited et’, which related to a water sports accident that occurred in July 2007. While the Court of Appeal delved into a number of legal principles, the purpose of this law report will be to analyse the Court of Appeal’s conclusions reached in respect of an insurance policy entered into between a local insurance agent (hereinafter “MIAL”) and the defendant company.

Chris Grech has authored a case note in the European Competition and Regulatory Law Review (CoRe).

On 27th May 2024, the First Hall Civil Court (Commercial Section) (the ‘Court’) delivered its judgement in the names of ‘Usta Holdings Inc. vs. Ir-Reġistratur tal-Kumpaniji’ whereby the plaintiff, as the sole shareholder of Usta Maritime Co. Ltd (C 43902) (the ‘Company’), requested the Malta Business Registry (the ‘Registrar’) to have the name of the Company restored and placed back on the register after it was previously struck off for failure to abide by its obligations.

On the 27th January, 2025, the MFSA released a Circular (the “2025 MFSA Circular”) with an important clarification under Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (the “DORA Regulation”) pertinent to firms operating within the crypto space.

On the 10th of January 2025, the European Union (EU) published the official text of Directive (EU) 2025/25 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Directive’) in the Official Journal, which sets out various updates and amendments to Directive (EU) 2019/1151 and earlier frameworks on the use of digital tools and processes in company law. You can access this article by clicking here.

Public procurement laws have been amended to increase the financial thresholds applicable to different procurement processes through Legal Notice 360 to Legal Notice 362 of 2024.

Ganado Advocates is pleased to announce the promotion of George Bugeja to Partner, effective 1st January 2025. Having been with the firm for several years, George has significantly contributed to the growth of the corporate finance team, advising clients on complex corporate law matters, including mergers and acquisitions, restructuring and insolvency, and energy law.

One of the key pillars of any democratic society is that all persons have access to the justice system. However, one of the most often overlooked yet critical cogs in the judicial process is service i.e. being able to properly notify the respondent of the commencement of judicial proceedings.

Ganado Advocates has contributed the Malta chapter in the 2025 edition of the Chambers Litigation Global Practice Guide.\r\n\r\nThe publication focuses on key aspects of the Maltese legal system, particularly on dispute resolution, court processes, enforcement of judgments, and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.

On 12 December 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) delivered an important ruling in Case C‑725/23 in the name of M. sp. z o.o. I. S.K.A. v. R.W. The case arose from a request for a preliminary ruling by the District Court in Katowice-East, Katowice in Poland.

On 17 October 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) delivered a ruling in the case of Riverty GmbH (legal successor of Arvato Finance BV) v MI (Case C-409/23), on the qualification of the so-called ‘buy-now-pay-later’ (“BNPL”) schemes, where consumers purchase goods or services and are able to postpone payment, in the context of consumer credit rules applicable at European Union level by way of Directive 2008/48/EC Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 on credit agreements for consumers (the “Consumer Credit Directive” or the ”Directive”).

Luisa Cassar Pullicino has contributed to the Malta chapter in the publication entitled ‘European Account Preservation Order: A Multi-Jurisdictional Guide with Commentary’.

On 9 January 2025, the European Banking Authority (the “EBA”) published its final report setting out the Guidelines on the management of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks (the “Guidelines”)[1].

On the 8th January 2025, the directive establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of insurance and reinsurance undertakings, better known as the Insurance Recovery and Resolution Directive or IRRD, and the amendments to the Solvency II Directive were officially adopted and published as law in the Official Journal of the European Union.

The Trusts and Trustees Act (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (the “Regulations”), published on 24th December 2024 through Legal Notice 372 of 2024, have substituted the previous regulations last amended in 2015. They will be Subsidiary Legislation 331.01 under the Trusts and Trustees Act (Chapter 331 of The Laws of Malta) (the “Act”).

Introduction In the case Beer House Ltd (the “Claimant”) vs The General Soft Drinks Company Ltd (C3774) (the “Defendant”) & GSD Marketing Limited (called in as a joinder by means of a decree on the 4 January 2022) ( “GSDM”), the Hon.

On 5th December 2024, the MFSA launched a consultation period on a proposed new Rulebook for Trustees and other Fiduciaries (the “New Draft Rulebook”), ending on the 31st January 2025.

When one thinks of a company, trading activities and profit-making typically come to mind, with dividends eventually distributed to shareholders. The trading “purposes” of a company are in its Memorandum and Articles of Association and while the Companies Act allows companies to be established for any lawful purpose, it is unusual for a company’s purpose to focus solely on the public good rather than the financial benefit of its stakeholders—whether shareholders, employees, creditors, or others. In our legal system, non-profit organisations are traditionally the domain of religious and voluntary organisations, typically structured as foundations or associations. In order to avoid confusion in the perception of supporting members of the public, the Voluntary Organisations Act (VOA) expressly states that “a voluntary organisation may not be established as a limited liability company or any commercial partnership.” However, the concept of a non-profit-making company does exist. This raises questions: Is this designation appropriate? Why are these entities not set up as trusts, associations or foundations – the more typical forms – instead? Voluntary Organisations and Trading Activities Voluntary organisations do not usually engage in trading activities. Their primary focus is on public benefit purposes, even when raising funds through public appeals, fundraising activities, or grants. Engaging in extensive trading activities could detract from achieving the organisation’s public benefit objectives. The VOA allows exceptions where trading is essential to achieve an organisation’s objectives—for example, museums selling entrance tickets or schools charging tuition fees. Additionally, a voluntary organisation is permitted to engage in commercial activities provided the income generated remains minor compared to its overall income from public benefit activities. For significant trading activities unrelated to their public benefit purposes, voluntary organisations are required to set up a limited liability company where the focus is the trading activities intended to generate income and which need to be carried on legally, professionally and in a manner compliant with many laws applicable to traders. This ensures a level playing field by subjecting such activities to the same trading, compliance, health and safety, consumer protection and taxation rules as other commercial enterprises, thereby avoiding discrimination within the commercial sector. The VOA seeks to ensure that proper resources are placed within the trading company to ensure that appropriate resources and focus remain dedicated to the voluntary organisation and its public benefit purposes. Without this division, a real risk would arise that the resources (human and financial) needed for the voluntary organisation would be distracted and upset by the challenges posed to operate a trading operation. Although it is much easier to operate an association or a foundation, as there are far less rules applicable to these forms when compared to a limited liability company, many already find the demands of the VOA to be too cumbersome, just imagine adding to these all the rules applicable to trading companies. So, the law requires a dedicated legal form (a limited liability company), if a voluntary organisation decides to stretch itself into trading activities beyond its own public benefit purposes. In such cases, the flow of funds between the company and the voluntary organisation operates similarly to that between a parent and subsidiary. The dominance of the public benefit purpose in this structure requires, for consistency with the most basic principles of voluntary organisations, that no private interest benefits from the profits generated by the limited liability company. How Does This Work in Practice? When a voluntary organisation establishes a limited liability company, the law mandates that non-profit-making principles must apply to the company to prevent abuse. While the company may generate profit, its purpose must not include the promotion of private interests, such as benefiting its directors, nor can that happen in practice. Profits are to be used solely to advance the objectives of the parent voluntary organisation through direct distributions up to the parent only. The company serves as a vehicle for profit generation to help achieve the voluntary organisation’s goals. Upon liquidation, any capital distribution must go exclusively to the parent voluntary organisation. The directors of the company do not directly fulfill the public benefit purposes of the voluntary organisation. Instead, their role is to generate profits, which are then applied to those purposes. Administrators of the voluntary organisation who also serve as directors of the company are generally prohibited from receiving remuneration, ensuring compliance with restrictions on private benefits. If a remunerated director is engaged to better operate the company, as opposed to relying on volunteers, then strict rules apply to such engagement and such persons’ remuneration, which must reflect market conditions. Practical Considerations While establishing a company allows the voluntary organisation to compete effectively in commercial markets, it also imposes significant administrative burdens. Limited liability companies must appoint auditors, adhere to compliance rules, and observe accounting standards. It is often argued that voluntary organisations face considerable strain from increasing bureaucratic burdens. Adding further obligations to the voluntary organisation’s structure for the sake of potential profit generation may not be justifiable in real terms. Each case must therefore be assessed on its own merits, considering factors such as costs, resources, compliance obligations, and feasibility. While establishing a company is legally possible and can provide valuable tools for achieving public benefit goals, it may not always be the best solution for every voluntary organisation. Conclusion When a voluntary organisation makes the choice to set up a limited liability company for trading purposes, and thus complies with the VOA to ensure that none of its generated profits go to any private interest, we have a special case not addressed in the Companies Act. This is an atypical company but one which is clearly regulated in the VOA through a superstructure of additional rules to those in the Companies Act. These rules are not contradictory, and one set merely modifies the other to consistently achieve the public benefit purposes of the former. It is not uncommon for this type of company to be referred to as a “non-profit making company” although the term is not technically used or defined in the VOA. It is, however, in practical terms, an appropriate term to use for this special type of company as it can only make profit for one purpose – that of passing all of it onto the parent voluntary organisation. If this does not happen in such a company, then there would be a serious breach of the VOA, undermining the credibility and good reputation of the voluntary and non-profit sector. So, we all need to be vigilant to ensure that this does not happen. That is what a non-profit making company is under Maltese Law. The authors would like to thank Max Ganado for his contribution to this article. If you have any questions, please contact Christine Borg or Rebecca Micallef at Ganado Advocates. This article was first published in The Times of Malta on 29/12/2024. Authors: Christine Borg, Rebecca Micallef

The current reawakening of the M&A market follows a slumber experienced over the past few years. The recent announcement of Goldman Sachs’ proposed acquisition of a significant stake in Melita plc marks a pivotal moment for Malta’s corporate landscape.

On 30 December 2024, the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) came into full force across the EU – ushering in a new chapter for the crypto-asset industry.

On April 23, the US’ Federal Trade Commission (US FTC) published the final version of a rather controversial new rule,

On April 23, the US’ Federal Trade Commission (US FTC) published the final version of a rather controversial new rule,

Shareholders’ Rights vs Supervisory Authority In the case T-134/21, Malacalza Investimenti Srl and Vittorio Malacalza (the “Applicants”),

Shareholders’ Rights vs Supervisory Authority In the case T-134/21, Malacalza Investimenti Srl and Vittorio Malacalza (the “Applicants”), shareholders of the Italian bank, Banca Carige,

Family businesses, often spanning generations, possess a unique dynamic that necessitates special attention and care.

Family businesses, often spanning generations, possess a unique dynamic that necessitates special attention and care.

Ganado Advocates has contributed the Malta chapter in the 2024 edition of the Chambers Artificial Intelligence Global Practice Guide.

Ganado Advocates has re-contributed the Malta chapter in the 2024 edition of the International Comparative Legal Guide (ICLG) to Anti-Money Laundering (AML).

Introduction and Background On the 8th of May 2024 following an action for annulment by German credit institution Max Heinr.

Today, the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) has published its Annual Report on Suspicious Transaction and Order Reports (“STORs”),

As the date of application of Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (“DORA” or the “Regulation”) is drawing closer, on the 16th July, 2024,

Introduction On the 30th of May 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) laid down its preliminary ruling in the case of VT and UR v Conny GmbH[1],

In recent years, competition authorities in the US have focused quite heavily on tackling anti-competitive practices in labour markets,

The Court of Justice confirms the European Commission’s mandatory obligation in determining the existence of aid prior to assessing compatibility with the Internal Market

Many will have heard of the relatively recent adoption of the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD or CS3D) by the European Parliament back in April 2024.

Chris Grech has authored a case note in the European Competition and Regulatory Law Review (CoRe).

Introduction In the case Aretrop Limited (C49725) (the “Claimant Company”) vs Foundation for Tomorrow’s Schools (the “Foundation”) & the Hon. Dr. Justyne Caruana in her capacity as Education Minister (the “Hon. Minister”),

Last month, The Merchant Shipping Directorate published a notice concerning the enforcement of the EU Ship Recycling Regulation No. 1257/2013[1],

On 19th June 2024, the EU has published the AML/CFT legislative package in its Official Journal, comprising of the following legislative texts:

The role of Board committees has significantly evolved during past years as a direct consequence of ever-increasing regulation,

In a judgment delivered by the General Court of the European Union (the “Court”) on the 12 June 2024 in the case of Societe du Tour de France (“Plaintiff”) vs European Union Intellectual Property Office (“EUIPO”) and FitX Beteiligungs GmbH (“FitX”),

The Small Commercial Yacht Code (sCYC) 2024[1] updates and replaces the applicable requirements for Commercial Yachts smaller than 24 metres contained within the current Commercial Yacht Code (CYC) 2020[2].

On 21 December 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the ‘’CJEU’’) delivered a preliminary ruling whereby it concluded that the Fédération internationale de football association (“FIFA’’) Statues (the “FIFA/UEFA Rules”) infringed EU Competition law,

On the 21st of March 2024 the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) delivered a preliminary ruling (C-90/22) clarifying the scope of the grounds for the refusal to recognise judgements of EU Member States in terms of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters (“Brussels 1 Recast” or the “Regulation”).

The International Association of Young Lawyers (AIJA) will host an event in Malta from June 13th to 15th titled ‘Setting Sails in Turbulent Times’.

On 29th May 2024, the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) issued a statement relating to the applicable requirements and corresponding good practices for issuers to consider when engaging in pre-close calls sessions with financial analysts in light of the Market Abuse Regulation (“MAR”).

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) recently published its Final Report covering conflicts of interest for crypto-asset service providers (CASPs).

Compliance officers are responsible for ensuring that their organisation complies with applicable laws and regulations, and in a regulated sector like financial services,

Virtual IBANs (“vIBANs”) are increasingly being used as payment account identifiers across the EU to redirect payments, yet the definition and the appropriate regulatory treatment thereof remains ambiguous.

The MFSA has, on 21 May 2024, issued a consultation on the revised Chapter 3 of the Financial Institutions Rulebook (‘FIR/03’) which will be applicable to both payment institutions and electronic money institutions once finalised. 

In a decision handed down by the Industrial Tribunal (the ‘Tribunal’) on 5th October 2022 in the names James D’Anastas vs Wembley Stores Company Limited (and confirmed by the Court of Appeal on 12th July 2023),

On May 16th, Ganado Advocates and the Maltese Embassy in Italy collaborated to host an event in Milan focusing on regulatory developments in the Maltese financial services industry.

In ‘Puma v European Union Intellectual Property Office’ (Case T-647/22), decided on 6 March 2024,

Further to the public statement issued on 14 December 2023, ESMA has issued a final report outlining the guidelines in relation to fund names which utilise ESG or sustainability-related terms (the “Guidelines”).

The Institute of Financial Services Practitioners is set to host its annual conference on 22 May, 2024, at the Hilton Malta.

This article outlines the importance of succession planning as a basic tenet of good corporate governance.

On the 24th of April 2024, the General Court of the European Union (the “GCEU” or the “Court”),

Ganado Advocates has contributed the Malta chapter in the 2024 edition of Lexology Panoramic: Financial Services Compliance.

Ganado Advocates has contributed the Malta chapter in the 2024 edition of the Chambers Corporate M&A Global Practice Guide.

The Court of Appeal, in its Superior Jurisdiction, composed of Chief Justice Mark Chetcuti, Mr Justice Christian Falzon Scerri and Madam Justice Josette Demicoli, in the case Mediterranean Trading Shipping Co Limited vs the Vessel M/T Turu and others,

Luke Hili has contributed an article, that featured on the IFLR1000 portal, titled ‘Unlocking value: ESG due diligence as a catalyst for growth’.

As of 1st January 2024, the European Union (“EU”), welcomed the updated EU Emission Trading System (the “EU ETS”) rules which were duly extended to cater for the maritime sector by means of Directive (EU),

Recently, the Donations to Voluntary Organisations Rules, 2024 (the “Rules”) were published by means of Legal Notice 86 of 2024. 

In a dispute concerning a conflict of international jurisdiction, the Court of Justice (First Chamber) ruled on the applicability of the Brussels Ia Regulation[1] to agreements conferring jurisdiction from the perspective of the existence of an international element.

As the various practices employed by criminals to disguise economic benefits from illicit activities continuously evolve, organisations should be well-equipped to manage risks arising from such trends.

In its latest circular, the MFSA highlights the launch of a dry run ad hoc exercise by the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) and participating competent authorities such as the MFSA itself.

Council Regulation (EU) 2023/2878 of December 18, 2023, amending Regulation (EU) No. 833/2014 resulted in the adoption of the 12th package of sanctions against Russia,

The Maltese Parliament has just approved updates to the Virtual Financial Assets Act (Chapter 590, Laws of Malta) (“VFA Act”) to ensure further alignment with the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA).

In its judgement delivered on the 1 March 2024 in the names of Dr. Cedric Mifsud (for and on behalf of Rene Edwin Bultena, the “Plaintiff”) vs The Registrar of Companies (the “Respondent”),

Introduction The CSSF published Circular CSSF 24/856 on investor protection in the event of a NAV calculation error, non-compliance with investment rules, and other errors (“Circular 24/856”) on 29 March 2024.

DORA represents a significant milestone in the EU’s efforts to strengthen the cybersecurity and operational resilience of financial entities.

On 21 March 2024, the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) gave a preliminary ruling on the interpretation and scope of Regulation No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights (the “Regulation”) in relation to case C-76/23 pertaining to the method of reimbursement following a flight cancellation.

On the 29 February 2024, the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (“CSSF”),

On 6 March 2024, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) published its report on global competition trends based on data from 77 OECD and non-OECD jurisdictions for the year 2022 (“Report”).

For a number of years the Government of Malta has sought to encourage the development of renewable energy projects through the grant of feed-in-tariffs. 

On 28th March 2024 the Malta Financial Services Authority (the “MFSA”) issued a Circular and Feedback Statement on the amendments to the Companies Act (Cell Companies Carrying on Business of Insurance) Regulations (the “PCC Regulations”),

On 8 February 2024, the European Commission (‘Commission’) published the revised Commission Notice on the definition of the relevant market for the purposes of Union competition law (‘Revised Notice’).

Introduction Following AG Sánchez-Bordona’s opinion last October, the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) delivered on 22 February 2024,

DORA (the Digital Operational Resilience Act or Regulation 2022/2554) and the DORA Amending Directive (Directive 2022/2556) shall apply from 17 January 2025.

As the date of application of Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (the “Regulation” or, as more commonly known, “DORA”) is looming large on the horizon,

The scope of the amendments is to fully transpose Directive (EU) 2019/1151 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards the use of digital tools and processes in company law,

Introduction The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has kept up the momentum ahead of the implementation of the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) this year.

Introduction The Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) in Case C-442/22, Dyrektor Izby Administracji Skarbowej w Lublinie, has ruled on the basis of Article 203 of Council Directive 2006/112/EC on the Common System of Value Added Tax (hereinafter the “VAT Directive”),

Maltese Parliament debating amendments to the VFA Act Bill No. 88, Virtual Financial Assets (Amendment) Bill (the “Bill”) is one of the next pending items on the Parliament of Malta’s agenda.

In examining the case of Nárokuj s.r.o. v EC Financial Services, a.s (C-755/22), the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) considered the obligation which banks are subject to prior to the granting of credit to consumers.

Three delegated regulations under the Regulation on digital operational resilience for the financial sector (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 or “DORA”) have been adopted by the European Commission.

It is acknowledged that governance set-ups can differ between organisations and there is no set-up which is better than another or which is free from flaws.

On December 14, 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU") delivered a landmark judgment, following the request of a preliminary ruling,

Governance and ESG The term “ESG” (Environmental, Social and Governance) has gained significant attention in recent years, much to the delight or dismay of interested parties.

On 8 February 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”), in delivering a preliminary ruling in the name of Inkreal s.r.o. v. Dúha reality s.r.o. (C-566/22) reached a controversial conclusion that parties established in the same Member State may agree on the jurisdiction of the courts of another Member State to settle their contractual disputes even if the contract does not have any other international element or connection with the chosen Member State.

The acronym ESG (which stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance) has become one of the buzzwords pervading discussions across various media platforms and at conferences over the recent months and will definitely gain further traction in the years to come.

On 26 February 2024, the Council of the European Union announced that it adopted the proposed Directive amending the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (2011/61/EU) (“AIFMD”) and the UCITS Directive (2009/65/EU), commonly referred to as the ‘AIFMD II’ (2021/0376 (COD)).

Deposit accounts, payment accounts, electronic money and certain categories of lending are amongst the in-scope Retail Products 

In the fourth episode of the Ganado Meets Corporate Podcast, Dr Clement Mifsud-Bonnici, Senior Associate at Ganado Advocates, speaks with Office of Competition's Director General, Godwin Mangion where together they discussed merger control law in Malta.

The Malta Financial Services Authority (“MFSA”) has released its Supervisory Priorities for 2024, outlining a change to an outcomes-based approach to supervision.

In March 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) gave a preliminary ruling[1] in yet another case about the unlawful disclosure of inside information – this time by a journalist (Mr A) who informed some sources about a story he was going to publish in a prominent British newspaper regarding two takeover bids which were rumoured to be launched over the next few weeks.

On 9 February 2024, the General Court of the European Union (the “GC”) rejected the application issued by Bytedance Ltd – TikTok’s parent company (the “Applicant”) – for interim measures vis-à-vis the EU Commission’s challenged decision to designate it as a “Gatekeeper” under the Digital Markets Act (the “Decision”).

In the digital age, insurance companies are not only guardians of financial protection but also stewards of sensitive customer data.

The 1st February 2024 marked the publication by the Malta Financial Services Authority (“MFSAs”) of its 9th volume from its series on ‘The Nature and Art of Financial Supervision’. 

Amendments to the Consumer Credit Regulations, S.L. 378.12 (the “Consumer Credit Regulations”) and to the Credit Agreements for Consumers Relating to Residential Immovable Property,

On 11th January 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) dismissed the action for compensation of damages of €176.1 million brought by Dyson.

On the 31st January 2024, the Ministry for the Environment, Energy and the Regeneration of the Grand Harbour, launched a Preliminary Market Consultation (“PMC”) to assess market appetite for the development of floating solar technology projects, including photovoltaic farms within the territorial sea of the Maltese Islands.[1] This forms part of the Maltese Government’s strategy to becoming carbon neutral by 2050. A site situated 4 nautical miles from the Maltese coast has been identified as a potential location for the development and operation of floating solar farms, with the capacity of generating up to 50 megawatts of energy. These floating solar farms will be directly connected to the Maltese power station in Delimara, feeding directly into the national grid. The PMC identifies the following key considerations for the development of such floating solar technology project: Optimal land utilisation Enhanced energy generation Environmental Compatibility Reduced Transmission Losses Adaptability to water depth Diversification and Security of Energy Sources Innovation The PMC shall remain open until the 24th April 2024 (closing at 11:00am Malta time) and interested parties are invited to register as suppliers through the following link. Author: Saman Bugeja Footnotes [1] A link to the PMC Document may be found here

On 26 January 2024, the European Commission (the “Commission”) published its report (the “Report”),

On the 23rd of January 2024, the Malta Financial Services Authority (the “MFSA”) released a circular,

On 11 January 2024, in ‘AB Volvo v Transsaqui SL’, AG Szpunar handed down his opinion (“AG Szpunar’s Opinion”) on the applicability (or rather the lack thereof) of the single economic entity doctrine in relation to procedural matters.

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has just published two consultation papers on two important aspects under the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation (MiCA), namely:

The receipt of a letter informing a licence holder that the MFSA will carry out a compliance visit is generally met with trepidation at best, and often with panic.

On 28 December 2023, the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (the “CSSF”) has updated the following FAQs with respect to PRIIPs KIDs:

Ganado Advocates is pleased to announce the appointment of Matthew Attard, Marina Grech and Matthew Xerri as new Partners of the firm, effective as of 1st January 2023. The firm is also announcing the promotion of David Borg-Carbott and Rosette Aquilina to ‘Of Counsel’ a role recently introduced by the firm signifying a high level of experience and expertise within the lawyer’s area of practice.

On the 3rd February 2023, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) issued a Supervisory Statement on the use of governance arrangements in third countries to perform functions or activities (“Supervisory Statement”).  The EIOPA Supervisory Statement follows a public consultation which was launched by the European Authority on the 29th July 2022 relating to the use of governance arrangements in third countries (“Consultation Paper”).

In its judgment on the 23 January 2023, the First Hall Civil Court (Commercial Section) (hereinafter the “Court”) presided by Mr. Justice Ian Spiteri Bailey delved into the salient features of a request made to the court for the dissolution and winding up of a company by a creditor or creditors of such company by means of an application in terms of Article 218(1) of the Companies Act, Chapter 386 of the Laws of Malta (the “Act”).

On 19 January 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) delivered a ruling in the case of Unilever Italia Mkt. Operations Srl v Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (Case C-680/20) wherein it held that:

The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA or the Regulation) will introduce the first European framework for crypto-assets. The regime covers three main types of crypto-assets, namely asset-referenced tokens (ARTs), e-money tokens (EMTs) and other crypto-assets (a catch-all category for tokens that are not ARTs or EMTs).

The Department of Contracts (“DOC”) has published a second circular (the “Supply Guidelines”) which guides a contractor in filing a claim for compensation arising out of the Ukrainian conflict where the public contract in question has a supply element. It is important to note that the wording used by DOC’s Supply Guidelines is not limited to public supply contracts but regulates “public contracts involving supplies”. Our understanding is that a compensation claim can be submitted even in the context of a works or services contract, as long as the claim in question concerning the supplies element. However, the contract value must exceed €10,000 (excluding VAT).

The Companies Act (Public Companies – Annual General Meetings) Regulations (the “Original Regulations”) were promulgated during the COVID-19 pandemic to (1) extend the period for holding of annual general meetings, and filing of audited accounts; and (2) authorise the holding of remote or virtual general meetings by certain public companies.

On the 22 June 2022, in the case of ‘A. Pace Balzan v Citadel Insurance p.l.c.’, the Court of Appeal in its inferior jurisdiction, presided over by Judge Lawrence Mintoff, delved into the concept of juridical interest in the context of an insurance claim.

In the latest episode of the ‘Ganado Meets Finance’ podcast, Stephanie Farrugia, senior associate at Ganado Advocates, speaks with Paulianne Nwoko, managing director of Apex Fund Services Ltd, on the representation of women in finance.

On the 28 July 2022 the Malta Financial Services Authority (the “MFSA”) issued a new Banking Rule, namely BR/25 on Financial Holding Companies and Mixed Financial Holding Companies (“BR/25”). 

In the first episode of the ‘Ganado Meets Finance’ podcast, Ganado Advocates’ Managing Partner Andre Zerafa speaks with MFSA CEO Joseph Gavin about regulation, supervision and the future of the industry. Listen to the podcast here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/55yqlCMx0JFSFMALbvIqGm The experience for Joseph Gavin as the MFSA’s CEO has been a fascinating and busy journey so far. He does, however, believe that notwithstanding the finance industry being dampened for a while by the pandemic and Malta’s greylisting by FATF, admirable progress has since been made and we now seem to be in a clear path which has given rise to a much greater sense of confidence among practitioners, regulators and the industry in general. The financial services sector remains diverse and there is a very strong base for the continued growth of the sector. Going forward, Gavin says that the MFSA needs to be seen as an effective regulator, gatekeeper, supervisor and enforcer which is committed to supporting the industry, particularly in terms of identifying growth opportunities as well as niche growth opportunities. The MFSA has recently carried out an internal assessment to identify aspects which need to be enhanced to further engage with the sector. The MFSA continues to strive to improve efficiencies and processes, and also assisting in changing the framework to allow for wider growth opportunities. Forward looking: On a global level, technology is advancing swiftly and overtaking steadily. In the eyes of Gavin, this will be one of the MFSA’s biggest challenges in the coming years. Both short-term and long-term changes will need to be undertaken to ensure that Malta’s platforms are and remain operative and effective. Considering, Gavin deems there to be great prospects for our payment and e-money institutions. Innovation: When it comes to innovation, the MFSA wishes to place itself in a more competitive position when compared to the larger jurisdictions, which may be done by making processes more efficient, expanding the capacity of Malta’s legal and financial instruments, and by developing and allowing for new products, such as a notified PIF (product information file). Competition: There are various areas of the financial services sector which are indeed competitive but there is still the need for more proportionality. This will accommodate competitiveness within the EU and allow smaller jurisdiction, like Malta, to compete effectively with other larger jurisdictions. Where the opportunity arises, Malta should negotiate revisions to the EU framework and put forward the proportionality argument. MFSA’s supervisory priorities for the next few years The MFSA has a very comprehensive strategy in terms of supervisory priorities. For instance, in the banking sector, the MFSA’s priority will be to continue to supervise closely while working towards consolidation. The insurance sector, on the other hand, is a well-established sector and is very well covered by insurance legislation and has a good variety of innovative structures (such as the protected cell company legislation). Interestingly to note, the insurance sector has sustained itself very well throughout the pandemic. As regards payment institutions, that there has been a significant growth in the sector both in terms of volume of payments and activity passing through the various regulated firms. The MFSA continues to be supportive of innovation. There is an opportunity for firms to develop technology and change the way of doing business, which the MFSA encourages, using the sandbox. While noting that there is also great potential for the asset management sector in Malta, Gavin says that a number of things need to be improved, including (i) our legislative framework; (ii) our engagement with the industry; and (iii) the arrival of international depositaries. The arrival of the international depositary, or the opening up of the restriction which exists at the level of the AIFMD (requiring a local depositary for the Alternative Investment Fund (the AIF)) would be very welcome by the industry. The blockchain island The regime Malta has for virtual financial assets is probably one of the best in the world. Presently, the island has around 15 operators and 15 virtual financial assets agents. Although the industry isn’t the largest, Ganado Advocates’s managing partner Andre Zerafa deems it strong enough for Malta to be able to build on what there is, and this needs to be done particularly in response to the needs of the investors, who deem exposure to crypto assets to be extremely important. Conclusion It is clear that Malta and the MFSA are open for business, which needs to continue to be compliant with the expectations both at EU level and even at a national level. From 2008-2016, Malta has had exponential growth and while the country has seen some consolidation in the past two years in particular, it is now ready for the next challenge. Author: Bettina Gatt May 27, 2022

In its judgement delivered on 25 February 2021, in the names “Dr. Antoine Naudi as special attorney on behalf of the foreign company UR s.r.l vs. Talocan Ltd of Malta”, the Civil Court (Commercial Section), presided over by Hon. Justice Joseph Zammit McKeon, analysed the requirements necessary to uphold a dissolution and consequential winding up request in terms of Article 214 (2) (a) (ii) of the Companies Act, Chapter 386 of the Laws of Malta.

The main objectives of the Payment Services Directive (EU) 2015/2366 (PSD2), transposed under Maltese law by inter alia the Financial Institutions Act, Chapter 376 of the Laws of Malta (FIA), were mainly to create a safer and more secure space for payments, to enhance protection for European Consumers and businesses and to contribute to an integrated and efficient European payments market. However, as Maired McGuinness, Commissioner for Financial Services, Financial Stability and Capital Markets Union stated: “The PSD2 has driven innovation in retail payments, to the benefit of consumers and financial service providers. It is now time to take stock with all stakeholders, and prepare our next steps. We want to boost innovation and increase consumer choice in payments and open finance, while keeping the companies and people who generate data in control”. With regards to this, the European Commission launched a public consultation to collect evidence regarding the application of the PSD2 together with any benefits and challenges which may have been encountered and any amendments which may be appropriate.

In line with the EU Digital Finance Strategy and the EU Retail Payments Strategy, the European Commission has just launched a series of consultation documents primarily aimed to collect market feedback on open finance rules and on any potential amendments to the EU Payment Services Directive 2015/2366 (“PSD 2”) – which directive sets out the legal foundation for the development of an integrated internal market for payment services within the EU and inter alia sets out rules on licensing regimes for payment institutions, open banking, and rights and obligations of payment services users and providers.

In the third episode of ‘Ganado meets Finance’ podcast, Matthew Bianchi, partner and head of the insurance practice at Ganado Advocates meets the Malta Insurance Managers’ Association Chairperson Elizabeth Carbonaro.

The European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) recently updated its question and answer document on the Market Abuse Regulation (“MAR”). The updated document sees the introduction of two new questions and their corresponding answers which, broadly, provide that:

In the second episode of the ‘Ganado Meets Finance’ podcast, Nicholas Curmi, partner and head of the capital markets practice at Ganado Advocates, meets the Malta Stock Exchange’s Executive Chairman Joseph Portelli for a frank chat on the inner workings of the Malta Stock Exchange, and the way forward for the Maltese capital markets space.

In terms of the Fifth and Sixth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directives [1] (“AMLDs”), the European Commission issued a communication accompanied by a series of reports paving the way forward for further discussions on the improvement of the anti-money laundering EU framework.

The reliance of financial entities on the use of technology within their business infrastructure is increasingly on the rise, given that it helps save on costs, increases efficiency and ultimately benefits consumers by offering a better end product. A number of insurance undertakings are in fact increasingly incorporating ‘tech’ within their product-lines and services, as well as within their operational functions in the course of creating, distributing or administering insurance products.

The European Court of Justice (the “ECJ”), on 7 April 2022, delivered a preliminary ruling with regards to Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 which establishes common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights (the “Air Passenger Rights Regulation”) and as a result, has extended the scope for passengers to seek compensation. In particular, for delays pertaining to connecting flights consisting of two legs which are serviced by non-EU air carriers.

On 2 August 2021, the European Banking Authority (the “EBA”) launched a public consultation on the  on policies and procedures in relation to compliance management and the role and responsibilities of the anti-money laundering and counter financing of terrorism (“AML/CFT”) compliance officer under Article 8 and Chapter VI of Directive (EU) 2015/849 [1].

Through a circular issued on the 7 January 2022, the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) advised that Banking Rules BR/01, BR/12, BR/14[1], BR/15 and BR/21 had been revised primarily to transpose Directive (EU) 2019/878 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 amending Directive 2013/36/EU (“CRD V”). Additionally, for the first time, the Banking Rules now include a specific banking rule dealing with governance of banks, namely BR/24 on Internal Governance of Credit Institutions. The revisions to the Banking Rules and BR/24 are in force.

Introduction This article discusses stowaways on board ships and vessels generally. Since time immemorial, stowaways have been an ever-present concern for the international community and particularly the shipping industry. In more recent time, we have seen controversy arise as to the manner in which stowaways are treated, by both ship operators and the authorities concerned. For the master and crew, a case of stowaways on board their vessel is always trying, as difficult decisions need to be taken, which, on the one hand respect the human dignity of the stowaway whilst on the other hand, respect both the law and the security and safety requirements of the vessel concerned. In this article, we explore the legal obligations that come into play in such cases and how stowaways are dealt with under Maltese Legislation.

In the fifth episode of the ‘Ganado Meets Transport’ podcast, Daniel Aquilina, partner within the transport law practice at Ganado Advocates, meets Kristian Zarb Adami, a pioneer in Malta’s space sector.

In accordance with the Malta Commercial Yacht Code (“CYC”), on the 2nd September 2021, the Merchant Shipping Directorate of Transport Malta issued the ‘Commercial Yacht – Pleasure Yacht Changeover Guidelines’ (“the Guidelines”).

What ESG is and what it is not Increasingly becoming the flavour of the month in business circles and topping the agenda at most conferences, ESG is quite often misrepresented as a synonym for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or a polite way of reminding us that we should print less and recycle more. But ESG is far greater than that and the purpose of this article is to shed some light on what ESG means in practical terms for Maltese issuers.

2021 will be remembered (or outright forgotten) for a variety of reasons. Indeed, in and amongst the pandemic-related doom and gloom, 2021 may be viewed as a watershed moment for all matters ESG – i.e. environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) criteria, of course. The pace at which the regulatory landscape has changed over the past year in particular has been nothing short of unrelenting – with the implementation of the ‘Level 1 Disclosures’ found under the Sustainable Finance Disclosures Regulation (“SFDR”) meriting an honourable mention. Additionally, some much-needed, concrete action was also taken locally, with the launch of the much-anticipated Malta ESG Platform towards the latter end of the year providing the market with a number of useful metrics for the assessment of the ESG credentials of companies listed on the Malta Stock Exchange.

In its judgment delivered on the 8 November 2021, in the names of Air X Charter Limited and Air X Aircraft Finance I Limited vs. (1) Firm Mamo TCV Advocates as Deputy Curators acting on behalf of Avmax Aircraft Leasing Inc (Canada) (“Avmax”) as beneficial owner of eight (8) aircraft (the “Aircraft”) and Bank of Utah (United States of America) acting as owner trustee of the Aircraft and (2) The Malta Transport Authority, the First Hall Civil Court, presided over by Hon. Justice Robert G. Mangion, examined whether a warrant of prohibitory injunction can be issued to inhibit the holder of a registered Irrevocable Deregistration Export Request Authorisation (“IDERA”) from enforcing its rights arising from an IDERA in Malta.

In the first episode of Ganado Meets Transport podcast, Ganado Advocates’ Matthew Xerri, Senior Associate within the shipping and aviation team, met with Captain Charles Pace to discuss the latest developments on Aviation in Malta.

In the third episode of the “Ganado Meets Tech” podcast, Ganado Advocates’ IP/TMT partner Paul Micallef Grimaud, met with consultant nuclear medicine physician, Dr. Andrew Mallia, Professor Alexiei Dingli – University of Malta Senior Lecturer of Artificial Intelligence and entrepreneur and lawyer Dr. Gege Gatt to look at how AI is positively impacting the health sector and providing us with unprecedented levels of cure and health management, whilst also discussing the legal and ethical risks involved.

In the third episode of the “Ganado Meets Tech” podcast, Ganado Advocates’ IP/TMT partner Paul Micallef Grimaud, met with consultant nuclear medicine physician, Dr. Andrew Mallia, Professor Alexiei Dingli – University of Malta Senior Lecturer of Artificial Intelligence and entrepreneur and lawyer Dr. Gege Gatt to look at how AI is positively impacting the health sector and providing us with unprecedented levels of cure and health management, whilst also discussing the legal and ethical risks involved.