India

FIDIC is well-known for its standard contracts, which play a key role in the construction and engineering industries worldwide. These contracts are designed to help manage risks, clearly define the roles and responsibilities of all parties, and ensure projects are completed successfully. With a range of contract types available, they address different project needs. Here’s an overview of the main types of FIDIC contracts: • Green Book: Short Form of Contract; For small, simple, low-risk projects with short timelines and minimal contract management. [2nd Edition (2021)] • Red Book: -  Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer (The Construction Contract); When the Employer provides the design; traditional design-bid-build model where the contractor executes the employer’s design. [2nd Edition (2017), Reprinted 2022.] -  Subcontract for Construction; When appointing a subcontractor under a main Red Book contract. [1st Edition (2011)] • Pink Book: MDB Harmonised Edition of the Construction Contract; Used for projects funded by Multilateral Development Banks (like the World Bank). It’s a modified version of the Red Book with harmonised Particular Conditions adopted in MDB-funded Standard Bidding Documents. [Version 3 (June 2010)] • Yellow Book: Conditions of Contract for Plant & Design-Build; When the Contractor is responsible for both design and construction; used in design-build projects. The 1999 Yellow Book effectively replaced the Orange Book by combining its features with the older 1987 Yellow Book, creating a modern Plant & Design-Build contract. [2nd Edition (2017), Reprinted 2022] • Silver Book: Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects; For complex, high-risk, fixed-price projects where the Contractor designs and delivers the project on a turnkey basis with minimal Employer involvement. [2nd Edition (2017), Reprinted 2022] • Gold Book: Design-Build-Operate (DBO) Contract; When the Contractor is also responsible for long-term operation and maintenance after construction. [1st Edition (2008)] • Blue-Green Book: Form of Contract for Dredging and Reclamation Works: Tailored to marine works with provisions on measurement and contractor risk . [2nd Edition (2016)] • Emerald Book: Underground Works Contract; Focuses on geological risk, time-related claims, and specialized safety provisions. [1st Edition (2019), Reprinted 2023] •White Book: Client/Consultant Model Services Agreement; Covers professional services; used to engage consultants with defined deliverables and fees. [5th Edition (2017)] The Consulting Engineers Association of India (CEAI) serves as the national member association of FIDIC, representing India's consulting engineering community on a global platform. While the adoption of FIDIC contracts is not mandatory in India, these internationally recognized standard forms are widely respected and increasingly used—particularly in large-scale infrastructure and construction projects involving international consultants, contractors, or funding agencies. Institutions such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and other MDBs routinely prescribe the use of FIDIC contract templates as part of their procurement frameworks for projects in India. As Indian stakeholders increasingly engage in cross-border transactions and international project financing, the relevance and application of FIDIC contracts continue to grow. A standardisation of the form of Contract enables parties to be more in consonance with each other as also global norms when executing a contract. Further, FIDIC contracts provide standard clauses for various eventualities which also assists parties executing the contracts to be covered for all exigencies. For any further queries on FIDIC Contracts please feel free to contact us at [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Authored by Ms. Arushi Jain, Principal Associate at Goswami & Nigam LLP

INTRODUCTION The airline industry is unpredictable by nature, and financial instability often ends with declaration of insolvency. As airlines are handled with very thin margins of profit, even minor disturbances like a rise in fuel prices, changes in governing regulations or failures in supply changes can cause financial distress.[1] Go First Airlines has recently gone into insolvency, and this has again brought to light gaps in the Indian legal framework regarding airline bankruptcies, specifically regarding rights of lessors.

Introduction With the changing nature of the world, arbitration has emerged as a preferred mode of dispute resolution because it emphasises expediency, party autonomy, and finality. When facing disputes, many businesses choose arbitration instead of courts, because it's typically faster, this is an essential aspect when it comes to time-sensitive business matters.

Dentons Link Legal represented Mr. Vijay Biyani, the Respondent Personal Guarantor in a Company Petition under Section 95 of the IBC, 2016 filed by Central Bank of India before the Hon’ble NCLT, Mumbai for seeking initiation of Personal Insolvency Resolution Process (“PIRP”).