2018 delivered a boom for automobile technology and
connectivity, accelerating recent trends for connected cars.
Consumers now expect the devices they purchase to be more
integrated and provide more functionality than ever before, and
more and more manufacturers are incorporating these technologies
into new vehicles. In response, the modern car often includes the
services of a digital chauffeur, navigator, scheduler,
receptionist, and personal assistant. Artificial intelligence is
being felt in all aspects of today's vehicles. Cars often
contain software to provide on-board diagnostics and alert
operators to potential maintenance and safety issues. Further,
automobiles are expected to communicate with the driver's other
personal devices and the applications and software services
contained thereon, including email, calendars, music apps, and
other entertainment. But as cars increasingly become more personal
and integral to the driver, the risks of cyberattacks
