A Quick Guide To Capital Increase By Internal Sources

In today's globalized trade environment, many companies engage in commercial relations with other firms and conduct international trade.

Turkish competition enforcement has entered a phase in which the Authority's most consequential interventions increasingly arrive before, rather than after, a finding of infringement. This Summer 2026 edition covers eight developments spanning digital markets policy, merger remedies, physical access to retail infrastructure, labour market information exchange, AI distribution channels, procedural cooperation obligations and the transition between fining regimes.

Oracle Corporation, the American technology giant, agreed to pay the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") $22.9 million as the result of the investigation to resolve charges...

The Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (“CMB” or the “Board”), through its principle decision No. i-SPK.15.2 (dated 03.09.2026 and numbered 54/1614) (“Resolution”), has lowered to 3% the minimum shareholding disclosure threshold under the Material Events Disclosure Commu-niqué No. II-15.1 (“Communiqué”). The Reso-lution will apply as from the end of the day on 11.09.2026.

This article examines the establishment and continuing management of a foreign business presence in Türkiye. It compares subsidiaries, branches and liaison offices, and considers capital, corporate documentation, governance, representative authority, investment reporting, work authorisation and data protection. Judicial decisions concerning corporate organisation and management duties are considered in their relevant context. The analysis argues that the choice of vehicle should follow the proposed activity, ownership arrangements and expected life of the investment. Effective legal preparation connects incorporation with the company's subsequent compliance, financing, decision-making and exit arrangements rather than treating registration as the final objective.

Turkey's e-commerce sector achieved a historic milestone in 2025, with transaction volume reaching 4.57 trillion TL—a 52.2% year-over-year increase. The Ministry of Trade's comprehensive report reveals how artificial intelligence integration, quick commerce models, and sustainability initiatives are reshaping consumer behavior and business operations.

One of the economic purposes of joint stock companies is to generate profits through their business activities and to distribute such profits among their shareholders in accordance with the rules stipulated by law and the articles of association.

According to the first paragraph of Article 5 of the Communiqué on Share Buybacks No. II-22.1 (the "Communiqué"), a share buyback program can only be approved by a general assembly resolution.

In any high-stakes investment, Merger & Acquisition (M&A), or private equity deal in Turkey and real estate engagements, the financial statements of the target company are the primary focus. While accountants and financial analysts review these numbers for performance and profitability, an experienced corporate lawyer reads them differently.

New regulations have been introduced in relation to joint-stock companies with bearer shares according to the Law on Prevention of Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction numbered 7262.

On March 3, 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security ("BIS"), the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ"), and the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control...

Oracle Corporation, the American technology giant, agreed to pay the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") $22.9 million as the result of the investigation to resolve charges...

The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners ("ACFE"), a global anti-fraud organization, has recently published its 2024 Occupational Fraud Report (the "Report").

The new Regulation, published on 14 September 2026, comprehensively regulates the use, authorisation, production, labelling and notification requirements applicable to flavourings and food ingredients with flavouring properties. It introduces restrictions on source materials, limits on use and specific transitional provisions. Food business operators are required to review their products, supply chains, production processes and labelling practices and ensure compliance with the new requirements by 31 December 2026.

The ACFE's Occupational Fraud 2026 Report reveals that internal fraud poses a measurable risk to organizations of all sizes, with tips emerging as the most effective detection method. This finding underscores the critical need for companies to implement robust ethics reporting mechanisms that ensure accessibility, confidentiality, and protection against retaliation. Turkish companies and those operating in Türkiye face particular imperatives to strengthen their compliance programs through regular testi

Acts of adulteration and imitation concerning food supplements can trigger criminal, administrative, and civil liability beyond mere violations of food legislation. This examination explores the regulatory framework, the critical distinction between imitation and adulteration, applicable sanctions, and relevant Court of Cassation decisions that shape legal implications for product safety, consumer health, and trademark protection.

The Presidential Decrees (the "Decrees") regarding the increases in particular government fees and taxes have been published in the Official Gazette No. 32241 and dated 7 July 2023.

A Communique published in the Official Gazette No. 31814 dated 19 April 2022 ("Amendment"), has amended the Communique on Decision No. 32 on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency...

The International Chamber of Commerce ("ICC") has published the Uniform Rules for Digital Trade Transactions ("URDTT"), which constitute the international laws of trade financing practice...

Presidential Decree ("Decree") No. 4420 published in the Official Gazette on 27 August 2021 has extended the deadline for debt restructuring applications by one month.