Whether A Consumer Forum Bound To Refer The Dispute To Arbitration Despite Existence Of A Valid Arbitration Agreement?

Order XXI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 provides the comprehensive framework for executing decrees in Indian civil litigation. This article examines the procedural mechanisms for decree execution, including filing execution petitions, methods of property attachment, and the legal processes for recovering money decrees through sale of attached assets.

Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (“NI Act”) was introduced to enhance the credibility of cheque-based transactions and ensure financial discipline in commercial dealings by criminalising the dishonour of cheques issued towards the discharge of legally enforceable debts.

The word Panchanama is not used as such or defined particularly anywhere in any book of Law, but the same can be read into Section 100 under Chapter VII of The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, (Cr.P.C.).

Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code is a critical legal provision aimed at safeguarding the dignity and modesty of women. It penalizes assault

Let us first understand the word "execution". Execution is defined as the process where the implementation of the order or judgement passed by the court of justice.

In India, an injunction is a legal remedy available to parties who wish to prevent the other party from carrying out a certain action or behavior.

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution provides for the fundamental right to life and personal liberty, and its interpretation by the Indian judiciary has significantly impacted the protection of

In Satender Kumar Antil v. Central Bureau of Investigation, 2026 INSC 115, the Supreme Court of India has reiterated and strengthened the safeguards governing arrest under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), holding that issuance of notice under Section 35(3) of the BNSS is the rule in cases involving offences punishable with imprisonment of up to seven years.

Understanding the critical timelines and legal frameworks governing money recovery suits in India requires navigating the complex interplay between the Limitation Act of 1963 and the Indian Contract Act of 1872. When does the clock actually start ticking on your right to sue, and how can acknowledgments or digital evidence extend or restart that crucial three-year window?

Lok Adalat is a method of alternate dispute resolution that is governed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (hereinafter referred to as "Act").

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") has introduced various changes in the MCA21 portal over the years since 2006, in order to improve the compliance by companies and Limited Liability Partnerships...

India’s data protection framework has continued to evolve since the enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (the “DPDP Act”) and the subsequent introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules (the “Rules”) (together, the “DPDP regime”). The broader framework, including the applicability and commencement timeline, processing of personal data based on consent, recognition of consent managers and obligations of data fiduciaries, has already been discussed in our earlier article.

India's labour law reforms entered a significant phase with the enforcement of the Code on Wages, 2019, the Code on Social Security, 2020, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (collectively, the “Labour Codes”) from November 21, 2025. Although the Labour Codes came into force in November 2025, their implementation remained incomplete in the absence of the corresponding subordinate legislation.

Section 1 to 41: Provisions relating to definition of wages, prohibition of discrimination on ground of gender, minimum wages (payment, fixation, floor wage, hours of work, overtime, etc.)

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 ("Act") received the assent of the President of India and was published in the official gazette on August 9, 2019.

Organisations are often faced with the complex task of making staffing decisions that align with both business objectives and legal obligations. Termination of employment, though sometimes necessary due...

India's labour law framework has undergone a significant transformation with the consolidation of 29 central labour enactments into four labour codes.

On January 13, 2026, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) notified the Foreign Exchange Management (Export and Import of Goods and Services) Regulations, 2026, which shall come into force on October 01, 2026 (2026 Regulation).

India is presently witnessing one of the most significant labour law reforms in decades with the implementation of the four new labour codes. Following their enactment, the Appropriate Governments are progressively operationalising the labour codes through the notification of rules, schemes, and other subordinate legislation.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (MSME Act, 2006) was enacted to facilitate the promotion and development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs play a critical role in driving economic growth, generating employment, fostering innovation, and contributing significantly to India’s GDP and exports. They continue to serve as a vital pillar of the Indian economy. Over the years, the MSME sector has evolved significantly, driven by technological advancements, the emergence of information technology-enabled systems, and changes in the regulatory landscape.