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ARTICLE · 23 MARCH 2023

Patent Citation – Forward, Backward, And Self Citation

Accures Legal
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Before a patent is granted, it undergoes a rigorous examination process to determine whether the invention is novel and non-obvious in light of prior art. Forward, backward...

IndiaIntellectual Property
Vedant Pujari
Vedant Pujari
Shashank Raj
Shashank Raj
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Before a patent is granted, it undergoes a rigorous examination process to determine whether the invention is novel and non-obvious in light of prior art. Forward, backward and Self citations are three important types of citations that are used in this process.

Backward Patent Citations:

A backward citation is a patent or non-patent reference to a subject patent that has been cited:

  • During the prosecution of the subject patent by the patent examiner; or
  • During the opposition by any third party; or
  • In the invention disclosure statement; or
  • Search report generated by any of the National or Regional Patent Office; or
  • International Search Report (ISR) and International preliminary report on patentability (IPRP)

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