Process Of Trial Of Criminal Cases In India

Article by Vijay Pal Dalmia, Advocate
Supreme Court of India & Delhi High Court
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India has a well-established statutory, administrative and judicial framework for criminal trials. Indian Penal laws are primarily governed by 3 Acts:

1. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.) / The Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS);
2. The Indian Penal Code, 1960 (IPC) / The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS);
3. The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA) / The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniam, 2023 (BSA)

Cr.P.C. / BNSS is a comprehensive and exhaustive procedural law for conducting a criminal trial in India, incuding the manner for collection of evidence, examination of witnesses, interrogation of accused, arrests, safeguards and procedure to be adopted by Police and Courts, bail, process of criminal