On October 6, 2025, the Competition Commission of India
("CCI") released a market study report
on Artificial Intelligence and Competition
("Report"). The Report represents the
Indian antitrust regulator's first structured and comprehensive
effort to study how AI interacts with markets, innovation, and
competition law. The Report explores the canvass of the AI industry
and identifies potential competition law concerns basis primary
surveys, stakeholder consultations and global best practices. It
proposes policy, regulatory, and institutional responses to ensure
a fair and innovative AI ecosystem.
The Report understands that AI markets are a layered ecosystem
or ('AI stack'), comprising of upstream inputs,
computational infrastructure, AI models, downstream applications,
and interfaces with end users. Control over data, compute, and
models by upstream players can create structural barriers, while
downstream applications translate these advantages into market
power
