Directors’ liability in Egypt does not always stop at the corporate level and may extend to personal exposure under Egyptian law.
The principle of separate legal personality has long been a cornerstone of corporate law, ensuring that companies rather than their shareholders or officers bear responsibility for corporate obligations. However, directors’ liability in Egypt has evolved significantly as the legislative framework progressively narrows the scope of this protection, establishing circumstances in which directors, managers, founders, and legal representatives may incur direct civil, criminal, and regulatory liability.
This evolution reflects a broader regulatory shift toward enhanced corporate governance, transparency, and accountability under Companies Law No. 159 of 1981 and Investment Law No. 72 of 2017. Within this framework, directors’ liability in Egypt is no longer strictly tied to formal appointment or corporate title, but increasingly to the concept of actual
