Amid a fragmenting global energy landscape shaped by
geopolitical tension and heightened energy security needs, China
has pursued a distinctive path: a state-led economic model built on
centralized resource allocation, standardized procurement, and
top-down implementation. This has enabled rapid advances in
renewables, electric vehicles, and battery technologies, with China
quickly becoming a world leader in all three areas.
“China's unified rules facilitate the seamless
connection of wind and solar farms to the grid”
Policy architecture and implementation
Two structural features underpin China's decarbonization
drive.
- Centralized mandate: China's decarbonization efforts are
driven by a hierarchical legal and regulatory framework. Announced
by President Xi Jinping in 2020, China has set “Dual
Carbon” goals—peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and
achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Its “1+N” policy
architecture operationalizes these goals. The “1”
refers
