C.L.K.A.

Business Environment Côte d’Ivoire has established itself as one of the most dynamic economies in West Africa, thanks to continuous political stabilization, major infrastructure projects, and a progressive legal and regulatory framework. The country’s capital, Abidjan, is not only a regional financial hub but also a growing magnet for international investment, especially in technology, agribusiness, construction, and energy. In 2025, several reforms have reinforced the business environment, including digitalized trade and corporate registry platforms, strengthened enforcement of contracts, and continued implementation of the National Development Plan (PND 2021-2025). This improved access to legal certainty, transparency, and dispute resolution mechanisms, notably via the expansion and digitalization of commercial courts.   Changes in 2025 versus 2024 Key regulatory developments in 2025 include: Formal launch of the national electronic land registry system, which aims to streamline land titling and reduce fraud. Operationalization of the Unified Social Security Identifier (NUMOSS), allowing real-time tracking of employee contributions. Adoption of Law No 2024-352 aiming to modernize the legal framework for the electronic communications sector. Implementation of Regulation 06/2024/CM/WAEMU of 20 December 2024, concerning the financial relations of the Member States of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), which aims at relaxing certain exchange control restrictions to encourage foreign investment and facilitate international trade within WAEMU countries, including Côte d'Ivoire. Revisions to the OHADA law improving creditor rights in insolvency proceedings. Enforcement of new local content regulations in the oil & gas and telecom sectors, compelling firms to prioritize local service providers and employment. Consolidation of tax administration reforms and the expansion of e-filing and tax payment systems. Implementation of Ordinance 2024-368 of June 12, 2024, on civil society organizations (CSOs) in Côte d'Ivoire which introduces new types of non-profit organizations the country. More rigorous enforcement of corporate governance compliance under OHADA laws. Reforms enhancing access to commercial courts and expediting enforcement of judgments. Increased promotion of local content obligations in sectors such as hydrocarbons and telecommunications.   Advantages of Côte d’Ivoire as a Business Location Strategic Position:Gateway to landlocked WAEMU countries. Economic Leadership:Top performer in francophone West Africa. Legal Certainty:Membership in OHADA ensures harmonized business laws. Dispute Resolution:Specialized commercial courts operating in Abidjan since 2012 offer expedited resolution for business disputes. Robust Banking Sector:A well-capitalized and regulated financial system under BCEAO oversight.   Business Structures Investors may operate under several legal entities, with the most popular being: SARL (Limited Liability Company):Popular among SMEs. SA (Public Limited Company):Preferred for large enterprises. SAS (Joint-Stock Company): More flexible and popular amongst startups companies. SNC / GIE:For professional or cooperative ventures. Branch / Representative Office:For foreign entities wishing to operate under parent company control.   The OHADA Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groups governs company formation, management and restructuring.   How to Invest in Côte d’Ivoire Foreign investors can incorporate a local company, acquire existing businesses, or form partnerships. The CEPICI (Centre de Promotion des Investissements en Côte d’Ivoire) operates as a one-stop shop to facilitate registration, licensing, and tax identification. Priority sectors such as agribusiness, energy, infrastructure, digital, and health benefit from tax incentives and investment guarantees.   Economy Currency Strength The West African CFA franc (XOF), pegged to the euro and guaranteed by the French Treasury, offers stability and predictability for international investors.   Inflation Rates While global supply chain pressures have affected prices, inflation has remained relatively controlled, averaging around 4.5% in 2024. The BCEAO’s monetary policy ensures macroeconomic stability.   Main Trade Sectors Retail and Distribution:With a rapidly growing urban population and a youthful consumer base, Côte d’Ivoire's retail and distribution sector is experiencing robust expansion. Demand is rising for modern retail formats—shopping malls, convenience stores, and e-commerce platforms—as middle-class consumption increases. International franchises and local brands are competing for market share in fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), fashion, electronics, and personal care. Abidjan serves as the primary commercial hub, with increasing activity in secondary cities like Bouaké, San Pedro, and Korhogo. Retail infrastructure development is also stimulated by improved logistics networks and digital payment systems.   Industrialization: As one of the pillars of Côte d’Ivoire’s National Development Plan (PND), industrialization is a priority focus for the government. Policies aim to transform raw materials locally, reduce dependency on imports, and promote value-added manufacturing in sectors such as agribusiness, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, and textiles. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and industrial parks—like the PK24 and Yopougon zones—are key instruments supporting this transformation.   Tourism, Hospitality and Real Estate: Driven by urbanization and regional business travel, hospitality infrastructure—hotels, serviced apartments, and mixed-use developments—is growing fast in Abidjan and secondary cities. Real estate development is also booming around transport infrastructure such as the Metro d’Abidjan and Abidjan's port corridor, supported by diaspora investments and demand from rising middle-class consumers.   Agriculture: Côte d’Ivoire remains the world’s leading exporter of cocoa and a major global producer of cashew nuts and coffee. The sector is central to national employment and rural livelihoods. Recent government efforts focus on moving beyond raw commodity exports by encouraging agro-industrial processing through tax incentives and public-private partnerships. This includes processing zones for cocoa grinding, cashew shelling, and transformation into finished goods. These initiatives form part of the broader industrialization agenda under the National Development Plan.   Energy: Côte d’Ivoire’s energy sector is undergoing a dual transition. On one hand, the country remains a key player in West Africa’s oil and gas industry, with upstream investments by major international oil companies and new offshore exploration blocks under licensing. A landmark example is the Baleine project, operated by Eni, which became the first major offshore oil discovery to enter production within record time in 2023. Baleine is not only a symbol of renewed offshore potential but also showcases integrated development combining oil and gas with carbon reduction initiatives, including carbon capture feasibility and clean-tech partnerships. Other offshore blocks, including CI-101 and CI-802, have attracted exploration interest and contractual commitments.   On the other hand, Côte d’Ivoire is expanding its role as a regional electricity exporter, leveraging its diversified energy mix that includes hydroelectric, thermal, and increasingly, renewable sources. It is part of the West African Power Pool (WAPP), supplying electricity to Burkina Faso, Mali, and Ghana. Several solar projects under public-private partnerships—such as Boundiali (37.5 MW) and Sinématiali—are underway, supported by the EU and AfDB. The government’s ambition to become a regional energy hub is supported by infrastructure upgrades, sectoral liberalization, and a shift toward more dynamic electricity pricing models. Opportunities abound in power generation, distribution, interconnection infrastructure, and decentralized renewable systems.   Mining: Côte d’Ivoire’s mining sector is one of the fastest-growing in the region, attracting major international players thanks to an investor-friendly mining code and substantial untapped reserves. Gold is the primary mineral resource, with several industrial-scale mines in operation, such as Tongon (operated by Barrick Gold), Ity (Endeavour Mining), and Yaouré (Perseus Mining). These projects contribute significantly to national revenue, local employment, and infrastructure development. Manganese production is also expanding, with deposits in the western and central regions seeing increased activity. In addition, exploration for nickel, lithium, and rare earth minerals has intensified, positioning the country as a future supplier of strategic minerals essential for global energy transition industries. The government offers long-term mining permits, fiscal incentives, and is actively promoting value addition and local content through its mining sector strategy.   Infrastructure: Côte d’Ivoire has prioritized the modernization of its transport infrastructure as a core pillar of national development. Major ongoing projects include the rehabilitation and expansion of the Abidjan–San Pedro and Abidjan–Yamoussoukro highway corridors, designed to facilitate regional trade and integration with UEMOA neighbors. The construction of the Abidjan Dry Port and modernization of the Autonomous Port of Abidjan are improving logistics efficiency and container handling capacity. In urban centers, large-scale investments such as the Metro d’Abidjan and the development of industrial parks and economic zones are transforming mobility and boosting commercial real estate value. These infrastructure upgrades are opening doors for foreign investors in sectors such as civil engineering, logistics, smart infrastructure solutions, and public-private partnerships.   Telecom/ICT/FinTech:A booming digital economy underpinned by mobile phones penetration.   Current Opportunities & Future Prospects Current Opportunities Agribusiness industrializationand food security investments. Energy transition projects(renewable energy, power interconnections). Urban infrastructureincluding smart city initiatives and transport. Digital economy expansionand fintech innovation. Logistics hubs and SEZslinking port and hinterland.   Future Prospects Youth-driven demand:Over 60% of the population under 25 is driving innovation in mobile services, e-commerce, creative industries, and consumer goods. This young and connected demographic is accelerating adoption of fintech, edtech, and entertainment platforms. Technology, Telecom, and Media Expansion:Côte d’Ivoire is experiencing a surge in mobile internet, fintech, streaming, and digital advertising. With over 95% mobile penetration, ongoing 5G pilot deployments, and a dynamic regulatory agenda, the country is becoming a digital investment hotspot. Incubators and public-private innovation hubs are supporting new ventures in healthtech, agritech, and AI-driven services. Green economy initiatives:The country is scaling its climate resilience and sustainability agenda through reforestation, carbon credit pilot programs, and renewable energy investment—particularly in solar and biomass—opening the door to ESG-aligned impact investment opportunities. Metro d’Abidjan Project:This major urban rail project, advancing toward operational status by 2026, is expected to transform urban mobility and generate long-term returns in infrastructure, real estate, retail, and tech-enabled urban services. Tourism and Cultural Infrastructure:With renewed interest in soft power, the government is investing in restoring historic sites, promoting cultural festivals, and developing tourism corridors. These efforts, coupled with improved air and land access, create room for sustainable hospitality investment. Education and Human Capital Ventures:The government’s focus on improving access to quality education, including via private sector partnerships, is driving opportunities in edtech, vocational training, and affordable private schooling. Pharmaceutical and Health Industry Localization:Policy momentum to reduce dependency on imported medicine has created incentives for local drug production, biotech investment, and health infrastructure development, especially in light of lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 60% of the population under 25 is driving innovation in mobile services, e-commerce, creative industries, and consumer goods. This young and connected demographic is accelerating adoption of fintech, edtech, and entertainment platforms.   Legal System Operation of the Legal System Côte d’Ivoire’s legal system is civil law-based and harmonized under OHADA (Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa), offering a coherent legal framework across 17 African states. The country has also established commercial courts (Tribunal de Commerce and Cour d’Appel de Commerce) to expedite business-related disputes, which have improved investor confidence.   Regulatory Environment Investors must comply with sector-specific authorizations (mining, telecoms, energy) and are subject to taxation and social contributions regulated by the General Tax Code and the Labour Code. Increasing digitalization of regulatory filings and access to arbitration options (including the CCJA in Abidjan) strengthens investor protections.   Foreign Investment Restrictions Direct Investment There is generally no restriction on foreign ownership of companies. However, some sectors such as strategic natural resources are subject to licenses and local content requirements while regulated sectors such as banking, telecom, media, insurance are subject to licenses.   Foreign Capital and Exchange Controls Under the updated foreign exchange regulations of the BCEAO applicable across UEMOA member states, including Côte d’Ivoire, foreign investors are allowed to freely repatriate capital, dividends, and other investment proceeds. However, this is subject to prior declaration and reporting obligations to the BCEAO via accredited intermediary banks. While no formal capital controls are imposed, all foreign exchange transactions exceeding specified thresholds—particularly those related to direct investment, profit repatriation, and intra-group financing—must be reported using the BCEAO's dedicated electronic platforms. Additionally, instruction reinforce the obligation to route foreign exchange inflows and outflows through domiciled bank accounts and to obtain authorization for certain sensitive operations (e.g., offshore loans, reinvestment of retained earnings). Investors must ensure compliance with these procedural obligations to avoid delays or regulatory sanctions. Financial institutions play a central role in ensuring the traceability and compliance of such operations under the BCEAO supervision framework.   Top Tips Before Investing Choose the Right Corporate Structure:SARL, SA or SAS under OHADA law. Partner with a local advisor:To navigate local nuances. Understand tax incentives and exemptions:Some sectors benefit from customs and tax incentives. Use the Commercial Court system:For quicker dispute resolution. Engage with CEPICI:As your one-stop investor facilitation agency. Plan for compliance:Labour laws, data protection, and sectoral codes must be integrated early. Consider regional access:Côte d’Ivoire provides access to WAEMU and ECOWAS markets.   Summary for Clients Côte d’Ivoire stands out as a leading investment destination in sub-Saharan Africa, bolstered by macroeconomic stability, an increasingly diversified economy, and proactive structural reforms. The government's prioritization of industrialization, energy transition, digital transformation, and infrastructure development under the PND (2021–2025) has created a wide spectrum of opportunities across sectors. Notably, the modernization of foreign exchange regulations by the BCEAO reinforces transparency, traceability, and regulatory predictability for foreign investors. Côte d’Ivoire’s youthful, urbanizing population is driving demand in retail, fintech, telecom, and real estate. Meanwhile, projects like the Baleine offshore oil field, Metro d’Abidjan, and smart city initiatives illustrate the momentum behind transformative investments. However, navigating local content obligations, sector-specific licensing, and regional compliance—especially with BCEAO exchange rules—requires informed local guidance. Foreign investors are encouraged to engage with accredited financial institutions, partner with experienced legal counsel, and utilize national investment facilitation bodies such as CEPICI to secure a smooth market entry and long-term presence.