Awatif Mohammad Shoqi Advocates & Legal Consultancy

Introduction Rental disagreements are more common in Dubai than many people realize. With thousands of new tenancy agreements signed each year, most go smoothly, but issues still arise at the time of the lease. A landlord may increase rent without prior informing the tenant, and the landlord may face delayed rent payments or issues with damage to the property. Other common issues include eviction notices, maintenance responsibilities, or getting the security deposit back at the end of the lease. If these problems get worse, it often helps to talk to a landlord-tenant lawyer in Dubai. A lawyer can look over the tenancy agreement, review the communication between both sides, and explain how UAE tenancy laws apply to your case. For many residents, especially expatriates, the legal process can be confusing. Learning the basics of tenancy law is the first step. The Legal Framework Governing Tenancy in Dubai Landlord and tenant relationships in Dubai are primarily subject to Law No. 26 of 2007, later amended by Law No. 33 of 2008. Legal responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenants during the tenancy period are mentioned and explained under this law. The legislation addresses several key issues, including: procedures for raising the rent Rules for giving an eviction notice How to renew a tenancy agreement maintenance responsibilities Responsibilities for the security deposit If a dispute comes up and the parties cannot settle it on their own, the case can be taken to the Rental Disputes Settlement Centre (RDC). This tribunal is part of the Dubai Land Department and handles tenancy disputes. The RDC process often takes less time than going to court. However, you still need to have the correct documents and follow the required legal steps. Having an experienced landlord-tenant lawyer in Dubai can really help here. Situations That Commonly Lead to Tenancy Disputes Many tenancy disputes in the UAE start with everyday situations. A small disagreement can quickly turn into a formal dispute if the landlord and tenant see the contract differently. Some of the most common disputes include: Eviction notices Eviction is allowed in some cases, but there are strict rules. For example, if a landlord wants to evict for personal use or to sell the property, they usually need to give 12 months’ written notice through a notary public or by registered mail. Rent increase disputes Dubai’s rental rules set limits on when and how rent can go up. Most of the time, landlords have to give at least 90 days’ notice before renewing the lease. Unpaid rent If rent is not paid, landlords can start legal action through the RDC after giving the right notice. Security deposit disagreements Disagreements often happen when tenants move out, and money is taken from their deposit. Responsibilities regarding repairs and maintenance Often arguments arise between landlords and tenants over who bears the expenses for repairs, especially if these details are not mentioned in the tenancy agreements. A landlord-tenant lawyer in Dubai can help when such issues arise, leading to a solution or guidance according to UAE law. Why Many People Seek Legal Advice Early Landlords and tenants can represent themselves at the Rental Disputes Settlement Centre, but many people prefer to talk to a lawyer before starting. Usually, legal advice starts with a simple review of documents. These might include: the tenancy contract Ejari registration certificate payment records emails or written communication between the parties eviction notices or rent increase notices These documents often reveal where the issue began. For instance, a rent increase may not have included the correct notice period, or an eviction notice may not have followed the proper legal process. Lawyers who handle property disputes often see the same issues. Many conflicts happen just because one side is not sure about the legal rules in Dubai’s tenancy law. In tenancy disputes in the UAE, lawyers like Mrs. Awatif Al Khouri, who have experience with civil and commercial cases in the UAE, usually start by reviewing the tenancy agreement and related documents. Often, once everyone understands the legal position, both sides can settle without a long court process. Formal proceedings at the Rental Disputes Settlement Centre may be needed if negotiations between parties do not work out. Filing a Case Before the Rental Disputes Settlement Centre Either side can file a claim with the RDC if a tenancy dispute cannot be settled by negotiations. Below are a few simple steps to follow: Preparing the tenancy contract and Ejari certificate. Submitting identification documents and supporting evidence. Filing the case through the RDC system or through the Dubai REST application. Paying the required filing fee. Attending hearings scheduled by the tribunal. The RDC makes a decision, and these decisions are legally binding and can be enforced by the authorities. Practical Steps That Help Avoid Tenancy Disputes While there are legal solutions, it is always better to prevent disputes. Taking a few simple steps can make a big difference. Ensure the tenancy contract is properly registered with Ejari. Keep written records of important communication. Follow the correct legal procedure when issuing rent increases or eviction notices. Address maintenance concerns early and document them in writing. Seek legal advice before taking major legal action. Conclusion Dubai’s rental market is always changing, and disagreements between landlords and tenants can still happen even with clear contracts and rules. Knowing how tenancy law works in the UAE helps both sides protect their rights and avoid conflict. If a dispute does happen, talking to a landlord-tenant lawyer in Dubai can make your legal options clear. Experienced lawyers, like Mrs. Awatif Al Khouri, often help clients by reviewing tenancy agreements, settling disputes through negotiation, and representing them at the Rental Disputes Settlement Centre if needed. Getting legal advice early often leads to a quicker and more practical solution for both landlords and tenants. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Real Estate Market in Dubai is one of the most attractive sector, an investment hub for investors and also for people planning to relocate. To maintain a sense of order and equity in this vibrant market, the Emirate has put in place a robust legal structure governing the interactions between landlords and tenants. This relationship is primarily anchored in Dubai Law No. 26 of 2007, as amended by Dubai Law No. 33 of 2008 (the "Tenancy Law"), and is supported by Dubai Decree No. 26 of 2013, which provides the mechanism for dispute resolution under Dubai tenancy regulations. Understanding the rules that protect both landlords and tenants is important. The article below is a breakdown of the landlord-tenant relationship to help navigate when disputes arise. I. The Basis of the Relationship: Transfer and Maintenance In most cases, landlords must handle major repairs and keep the building safe, unless both parties have a different written agreement under Dubai tenancy law. If a landlord doesn't fix these problems in a reasonable amount of time, tenants can tell the authorities about the problem or take legal action, like filing a rental dispute Dubai claim. The law also protects tenants from being treated badly. For example, Article 34 says that landlords can't turn off basic services like water, electricity, or air conditioning, no matter what the disagreement is about. This strengthens tenant rights in Dubai. Maintenance Responsibilities: One of the most common points of contention in Dubai is the responsibility for repairs. Article 16 clarifies that the landlord is responsible for the maintenance and repair of any "defects or faults" that affect the tenant's intended use of the property throughout the duration of the lease. This includes significant issues such as: Problems like faulty plumbing and leaks Electrical malfunctions can also be an issue. Structural flaws in the building that affect safety Many contracts have a "minor maintenance" clause, which means tenants pay for small repairs under a certain amount, like AED 500. Unless both parties agree in writing, the responsibility of major repairs usually lies with the landlord, reflecting standard Dubai rental law guide practices. These problems need to be fixed within a reasonable time by the landlord; if not, the tenant can report the issue to the authorities or take legal action. It provides protection to the tenants from unfair landlord behavior and strengthens tenant rights in Dubai. II. Eviction Process and Tenant Protection Eviction is a sensitive area of the law, and Dubai provides definitive rules to prevent arbitrary displacement under Dubai tenancy law. Tenants have a "Right to Renewal" if they have fulfilled their contractual obligations, which means a landlord can't refuse to renew a lease without a valid, legally recognized reason, an important aspect of tenant rights in Dubai. Article 25(1) states that a landlord can only request eviction before the contract ends under specific circumstances Unauthorized Subletting: Renting out the property to someone else without getting written approval from the landlord. Illegal Use: Using the property in ways that go against public order or accepted moral standards. Damage and Endangerment: Making changes that could risk the property’s safety, or causing damage either on purpose or by being careless. Breach of Contract: Failing to follow any part of the lease within 30 days after being asked to correct the problem. Commercial Abandonment: For business premises, leaving the property unoccupied for 30 consecutive or 90 non-consecutive days in a single year. These provisions balance landlord rights in Dubai with tenant protections. Eviction Upon Expiry (12-Month Notice): If a landlord wants to reclaim the property for reasons other than the tenant breaking the lease, Article 25(2) requires a strict notice period under Dubai landlord-tenant law. Acceptable reasons include: Demolition or Reconstruction: Required by urban development or chosen by the owner with the right permits. Major Maintenance: This applies when repairs or upgrades cannot be completed while the tenant is living in the property, and a technical report confirms this. Personal Use: The owner can end the tenancy if they want to live in the property or have a close family member move in, as long as they show they do not have another suitable place to live. Sale of the Property: The owner can end the tenancy if they plan to sell the property. The landlord must give the tenant at least 12 months' notice in these situations. For this notice to be legally binding in Dubai, it must be sent by a Notary Public or registered mail, which is very important under Dubai tenancy regulations.. III. Dispute Resolution: The Role of the RDSC When a relationship breaks down, whether due to "apartment malfunctions" or "unjust eviction," the Rental Disputes Settlement Center (RDSC) serves as the specialized judicial forum for the resolution of any rental dispute or landlord-tenant dispute in Dubai. Established by Dubai Decree No. 26/2013, the RDSC was created to provide a "simple and expeditious mechanism" for settling rental conflicts in Dubai and its free zones under Dubai rental law guide principles. The Process of Resolution: The RDSC is designed to favor mediation over litigation initially. The Arbitration and Reconciliation Department was established according to Article 10 of the law. It facilitates settlement through mediation and documents the settlement through a binding contract, and if the settlement fails, it proceeds to the judge for a formal ruling. If the RDSC determines that an eviction was wrongful, for example, if the tenant was evicted by the landlord for personal use but then immediately re-leased the property to a new tenant, the former tenant may be entitled to compensation for the moving costs, the difference in rent for a new property, and also for inconvenience, further reinforcing tenant rights in Dubai. IV. Practical Advice for Landlords and Tenants To keep a good working relationship and avoid a landlord-tenant dispute in Dubai, the RDSC, both landlords and tenants can follow these practical tips under the Dubai landlord-tenant law guide:: Keep Good Records: Landlords should keep proof for any reason they might need to evict a tenant. Tenants should save copies of maintenance requests and rent payments. Register with Ejari: In Dubai, it is required by law to register every tenancy contract through the Ejari system as part of Dubai tenancy regulations. Formal Correspondence: Do not rely only on instant messaging for important notices. For eviction notices, use a Notary Public to ensure they meet the requirements of Article 25. Access to Property: Tenants in Dubai have the right to remain in their home and keep all the benefits of their lease until the eviction process is finished, according to the tenant rights in Dubai. Conclusion In Dubai, landlords and tenants are required to obey the law. The restrictions are there to protect landlords' money and make sure they can get their property back when they need to, as long as they follow the Dubai tenancy law. The legislation also performs a superb job of preventing renters from being kicked out unfairly and from living in substandard conditions. So, both sides need to be well familiar with Dubai Law No. 26 of 2007. The Rental Dispute Settlement Center (RDSC) is where landlords and tenants may go to settle any issues. This makes the real estate market in Dubai work more smoothly, clearly, and confidently. Author: Awatif Al Khouri  

Introduction Buying real estate in Dubai is a major milestone. To make things official, buyers and sellers use the Dubai Land Department’s standard Property Sales Contract, commonly known as “Form F,” which sets out the terms of the agreement clearly and formally. Transfers typically go smoothly, but occasionally one party must or chooses not to proceed. Having the right legal support in Dubai can really make the whole process easier when you’re buying, selling, or renting a property. Real estate lawyers in the UAE help break down the fine print, guide you through the rules, and look out for your best interests so you can move ahead with confidence and without unnecessary stress. Both buyers and sellers should be aware of their legal rights in the event that a real estate transaction falls through. A property dispute lawyer in Dubai can assist in resolving these circumstances, which may arise for a number of reasons. This article examines the main UAE laws that apply in situations where things don't go as planned, as well as the options available to both parties. Why do property deals fall through There are a lot of things that could go wrong with a deal. A buyer might get scared, or a seller might change their mind because they got a better offer. A lot of the time, people have real-world problems, which is why consulting a reliable real estate lawyer in Dubai can help protect your interests and navigate these challenges smoothly. Financial Issues: The buyer may not be able to convince their bank to approve their most recent mortgage. Issues with clearance: The seller may not be able to obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the developer or community management, or the seller's bank may take longer than anticipated to send a letter stating they owe nothing. Missed Deadlines: It's possible that some of the contract's strict deadlines won't be fulfilled. What happens to the deposit of 10%? Most of the time, the buyer gives a 10% security deposit when they sign Form F. The broker has this deposit check, but they can't cash it or give it to either party without a written agreement from both parties or a court order. If there is a disagreement and the parties can't agree, the person who is wronged usually has to go to the Dubai Courts to get their deposit back or get paid. The person who has the check must keep it until the court decides who has the right to the money. What happens if you don't pay: Buyer and Seller Form F lists the exact outcomes of defaults: If the Buyer Defaults: If the buyer doesn't finish the transfer on the agreed date because of something they did or didn't do, the seller can end the deal and keep the deposit. If the Seller Defaults: If the seller doesn't finish the transfer, the buyer can get their full deposit back and the seller has to pay them the same amount as compensation, according to the standard terms. The UAE Civil Code says that a contract can usually be ended by both parties agreeing to it, a specific clause in the contract, or a court order. If a case goes to court, the judge will look at the evidence, figure out who is at fault, and then make a decision. Does the Agent's Commission Require Fees? The broker's commission is a frequent issue when a deal goes wrong. In order to recover their professional fees, agents frequently file lawsuits against both the buyer and the seller, claiming that they performed their duties by facilitating the signing of the contract. Dubai Law No. 85 of 2006 about the Real Estate Brokers Register says that a broker can only get paid if the deal goes through. The broker can only charge fees after the condition is met if the contract is based on that condition (like getting a mortgage). But if the deal falls through because one side acted in bad faith or broke the rules, the courts can decide to give the agent their fees based on what the contracts said. For example, some contracts say that the agency will still get paid if both parties agree to cancel the contract, or that the broker will get 20% of the security deposit for administrative costs if one party doesn't pay. In such cases, consulting a skilled property dispute lawyer in Dubai can help clarify your rights and protect your interests in court. The amount of compensation and the court's decision A lot of sellers and buyers who sue for damages use the 10% penalty clause in Form F. But the courts have a lot of freedom to make choices. Article 390 of the UAE Civil Code allows both parties to agree in advance on a fixed compensation amount. If one party requests it, a judge can adjust this amount to match the real harm or loss suffered. If the court finds that losing the full 10% deposit is excessive and does not reflect the actual damages, the judge may reduce the compensation. The court will also consider who was truly at fault and whether the person who failed to pay made a genuine effort to do so. Additional Terms and Conditions The Significance of 'Additional Terms and Conditions' is a document that can change the usual rules in Form F. People often use it to avoid standard terms or to protect themselves from unexpected issues. For example, extra terms might include: Mortgage Clauses: The buyer needs final mortgage approval for the deal to happen. If the bank does not approve the loan, the contract is canceled, and the deposit is returned with no fees. Custom Compensation Splits: If the buyer does not pay, the seller gets 80% of the deposit, and the broker gets 20%. Force Majeure Definitions: These terms explain what 'Acts of God' or events beyond anyone's control mean, such as pandemics, strikes, or government delays. If one of these events happens, the transfer date is moved back automatically or the contract is canceled without penalties. Conclusion If you want to get out of a property contract that has gone bad, you need to think carefully about your legal strategy. If you're a seller trying to get paid for a broken contract or a buyer trying to get your deposit back because your financing fell through, the wording of your Form F and its additional terms will have a big impact on your rights. The best way to protect your money if you are in a real estate dispute is to hire a real estate dispute lawyer in the UAE to help you reach a settlement or represent you in court. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Common Mistakes Non-Muslims Make When Getting Divorced in the UAE (Helpful Advice for Foreign Couples) Divorce is hard no matter where you are, but it's even harder when you're living abroad. Recent changes to the law in the UAE have made things clearer for non-Muslims, but many expats still make mistakes that cost them time, money, and emotional energy. This article talks about the most common mistakes that non-Muslims in the UAE make when they want to get a divorce, why those mistakes are important, and how to avoid them in simple terms. A quick look at the law The Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2022 in the UAE deals with the civil personal status system for non-Muslims.  Meanwhile, the Abu Dhabi Personal Status Law (Abu Dhabi Law No. 14 of 2021 for non-Muslims) regulates personal status matters for non-Muslims in the emirate. This makes it easier for expats to understand the rules about marriage, divorce, custody, and inheritance. Non-Muslims can also choose to use the laws of their home country for family matters in some cases, but that choice has limits and consequences. Mistake: Thinking that the laws of your home country automatically apply A lot of expats think that the divorce laws in their home country apply to them while they are in the UAE. In fact, Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022 sets up a civil framework for non-Muslims in the UAE. The courts can use UAE civil personal status law unless the parties choose their own law. Not understanding or making a choice on purpose can lead to unexpected results in property division, child custody, and maintenance. Tip: Talk to a UAE family lawyer early on to find out if using your home law or UAE law is better for your case. Be ready to explain why you made that choice. Mistake: Taking too long to decide on jurisdiction Deciding on jurisdiction is very important. Filing first and accurately can lock in the forum that will help make decisions about your money and custody. Some wealthy expatriates choose to move to Abu Dhabi on purpose because its civil family courts are supposed to be private, quick, and specialized. These are all good things for complicated asset cases. Think of jurisdiction as picking the referee for a game. The score will be affected by the rules that the referee enforces, so make sure you choose wisely before the whistle blows. Tip: Talk to your lawyer about where to file and what proof you need (where you live, where you got married, where your property is). Mistake: Not knowing the importance of papers and evidence The UAE courts seek detailed paperwork, like marriage certificates, passports, visas, tenancy or title deeds, bank records, and papers that prove where kids reside and go to school. If you don't have all the records you need or if they're not legitimate (like merely screenshots of accounts or missing marital translations), it could take longer for your hearing and affect your case. Tip: Prepare a folder (both a physical copy and an encrypted digital copy) with certified translations of important papers and proof of income and assets. Mistake: Not considering the effects of residency and visa Visa status is a real concern for expat spouses after a divorce. Divorce can affect residency visas that are linked to a spouse or employer. Each person must plan how they will stay in the UAE legally (if they want to). Make a plan for your immigration before the decision. Tip: To make sure your legal and visa plans are in sync, talk to both your immigration lawyer and your family lawyer at the same time. Mistake: What happens legally when you make public accusations and respond inappropriately on social media People's actions, such as making accusations that could be crimes in the UAE, can change the outcome of criminal proceedings and custody. Don't post too much about the case on social media, and be nice to each other when you talk. Tip: Talk to them in a professional way and follow your lawyer’s recommendations on what to tell the public. Mistake: Not considering mediation and settlement options The law in the UAE for non-Muslims allows for amicable divorce, mediation, and negotiated consent judgments. Settling can be much faster and less expensive than going to court over every issue. If you or your ex-partner move later to the country, the settlement must be carefully written so that it can be enforced in all jurisdictions. Tip: If you're going to mediation, you might want to have a lawyer there. Also, make sure that any settlement is filed with the court so that it is easier to enforce. Mistake: Not getting an independent valuation or financial disclosure Disputes often happen later because assets weren't fully disclosed or were hidden. Get independent appraisals and make sure you know everything before you sign any settlement, whether it's for a business, an offshore account, or a property you both own. Tip: If you have a lot of complicated financial accounts, hire a forensic accountant. It's a good investment that usually saves money in the long run. Mistake: Thinking that "no-fault" means "no consequences" "No-fault" means you don't have to prove wrongdoing to get a divorce. Recent changes have made it possible for non-Muslims to get a no-fault divorce, but courts still look at things like the needs of the children, the length of the marriage, the earning potential of each person, and their contributions when making decisions about money. However, you still need to make a strong case for support, custody, or asset division. Tip: Even if you don't have to go to court, make sure you have a clear plan for your finances and your kids. Facts and information that are quick and interesting. Conclusion The United Arab Emirates’s modern family courts, especially the Abu Dhabi Civil Family Court, make divorce for expats faster and more private, but careful planning—choosing the right law, organizing documents, considering finances and visas, and getting professional advice—is essential to avoid stress and extra costs. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

What Residents and Expats Need to Know About Crimes Against Honor and Modesty Under UAE Criminal Law One message. A very angry argument. A post on social media sent out of anger. In a lot of countries, these kinds of things could end in apologies or lawsuits. But in the UAE, they can quickly become criminal cases. Crimes against honor and modesty are some of the most misunderstood parts of UAE criminal law for expats, working professionals, business owners, tourists, and families with members from different countries. Most people charged with these crimes never meant to break the law, and every experienced criminal lawyer in the UAE will tell you the same thing. This article clearly and accurately explains what crimes against honor and modesty are under UAE criminal law, why they are important, and how to stay out of serious legal trouble. What are crimes against modesty and honor in the UAE? Crimes against modesty: Indecent or offensive conduct, such as inappropriate physical behaviour, public indecency, sexual harassment, or sharing obscene images, videos, or messages. Crimes against honor: Insults, defamation, abusive language, offensive gestures, or accusations that damage someone’s reputation. These offences often arise from words, actions, or digital communication, not physical violence. They can occur through texts, voice notes, social media posts, emails, or even private chats. Truth is not always a defence; even true statements may be criminal if they harm someone’s honor or dignity. Private communication is not automatically protected if the content is offensive or shared without consent. Defamation or cyberbullying online Important Fact: In the UAE, intent is not always necessary. If they hurt someone's honor or modesty, even "jokes" or emotional reactions can be crimes. Why These Crimes Are More Important in the UAE Respect, privacy, and public morals are very important to the law in the UAE. This is true for both citizens and non-citizens. Fact that is interesting According to statements from the UAE's courts, a lot of criminal complaints involving expats have to do with insults, defamation, or modesty-related behavior, especially through messaging apps. A Real-Life Example Imagine that the UAE is like a shared office space. What you say, post, or do affects everyone around you, and there are strict rules about what you can and can't do. Insult and Defamation: Words Can Be a Crime Many people contact a criminal lawyer in the UAE after being accused of insult or defamation. Under UAE law, an insult can include cursing at someone, even in private, making offensive hand gestures, or making accusations that harm another person’s reputation. It can also involve voice notes, text messages, or WhatsApp communications that contain abusive or offensive language. An important legal point to understand is that, in the UAE, truth is not always a defense. Even a statement that is factually correct may still be considered a criminal offence if it damages a person’s honor or dignity. Cybercrime, or crimes that happen online and on social media A lot of people in the area are shocked to find out that: Messages on WhatsApp Reviews on Google All Instagram stories can be used as evidence in a crime. Fact that is interesting Under the UAE Cybercrime Law, individuals can face legal consequences for insulting or defaming others, or for sharing private content without consent, even in private chats. Advice from a Criminal Lawyer in the UAE: Never share screenshots of private conversations, and never post accusations online or attempt to “defend yourself” publicly during a dispute. Crimes that have to do with sexual harassment and modesty Behaviors that cross personal boundaries are also crimes against modesty. For instance Messages that you don't want with sexual language Unprofessional comments at work, staring, gestures, or being too close to someone that makes them uncomfortable Indecent behavior in public Important Note In the UAE, consent rules are very strict, and the cultural context is very important. Analogy In the UAE, what might seem like casual flirting in other places can be seen as breaking the law, like going through a locked door without permission. A Big Difference Between Public and Private Many expats believe that private conversations are “safe,” but under UAE law this is a dangerous misunderstanding. The truth Private messages can be used as proof in public. You can file a complaint even if only one person saw the message. Courts care more about the effect than the number of people who see it. A criminal lawyer in the UAE often tells clients that privacy does not protect them from being charged with a crime. Punishments for Crimes Against Honor and Modesty Punishments for crimes may include: Penalties Being in jail Deportation for foreigners Criminal records that affect jobs and visas Important Information Some crimes let people make up, but only through the law, not by saying sorry. Common Mistakes Made by Expats and Residents: When to Get a Criminal Lawyer Responding with feelings instead of the law Deleting messages (which can make people more suspicious) Not answering police calls Putting explanations on social media If you say you're sorry, you automatically close cases How to Keep Yourself Safe (Useful Advice) ✔ Wait before sending messages ✔ Don't insult others, even when you disagree ✔ Never share private information ✔ Think of online platforms as public places. In Conclusion Under UAE criminal law, crimes against honor and modesty are not minor issues; they are serious offenses with real consequences. What makes them so hard is that a lot of them come from normal conversations, texting, or cultural differences. People living in the UAE, tourists, expats, and professionals can protect their reputation, freedom, and future by knowing the law, following local customs, and getting advice from a qualified criminal lawyer in the UAE. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction Being sent back to another country from the United Arab Emirates is one of the most dangerous legal situations a person can be in. In these cases, there are usually criminal charges in another country and a request to move someone from the UAE to that country. The first question that comes to mind for both residents and foreigners is simple: Which UAE international extradition law firm can locals trust to handle these difficult cases well? Not every problem can be solved by one company. It really depends on how much experience you have, how well you know international law, and how well you can defend people who are accused of crimes in more than one country. People can find the right lawyer if they know how extradition works in the United Arab Emirates. When one country asks another to let go of someone who has been charged or convicted of a crime, this is called extradition. Extradition in the UAE is governed by both federal laws and international treaties. These agreements make it easier for countries to work together on criminal cases and make it harder for people who are accused of serious crimes to avoid prosecution by moving to another country. A typical process for extradition might include the following steps: A foreign country asks for extradition or issues an arrest warrant. The UAE government checks the request to make sure it follows both local and treaty rules. The courts in the UAE check that the legal requirements for extradition are met. The government decides whether or not to extradite someone. The Necessity of Lawyers in Extradition Matters International extradition cases are very different from regular criminal cases. Usually, they have: Looking into crimes that cross borders Arrest warrants from other countries Messages from Interpol Countries working together in a legal way A lawyer who works on extradition cases needs to know about both international law and the criminal law in the UAE. Attorneys often work with the country's poor legal teams. Most of the time, a reliable international extradition law firm in the United Arab Emirates will check to see if: The crime in question is serious enough to warrant extradition under UAE law. The request is in line with the treaty. The case is about political or procedural issues. The law says that the prosecution must happen within a certain amount of time. These legal issues can sometimes be used to stop an extradition request. What Are the Traits of a Good International Extradition Law Firm? Good legal representation It is different from regular criminal defense in some ways because extradition cases are very specific. Knowledge of international criminal law An extradition lawyer who knows what they're doing should know how criminal laws work in more than one country. The lawyer can use this information to find differences between legal systems or problems with a request from another country. Understanding how Interpol works. An international arrest notice or an Interpol alert is often the first step in an extradition case. Lawyers who know a lot about this area can fight these notices and deal with the risks that come with travel restrictions between countries. Have been involved in court cases in the UAE Even if a request comes from another country, the courts in the UAE play a big role in deciding whether or not it is legal. Because of this, lawyers need to be able to present their cases to judges in their area. Cooperation with foreign lawyers in a planned way You will often need to hire lawyers in the country that wants to extradite you in order to protect yourself. A legal team with a lot of connections can work together to plan defenses in different places, collect evidence, and fight procedures. Great at dealing with problems You might have to stay in jail or not be able to travel if you are extradited. Lawyers often have to work quickly to protect their clients' rights because they are under a lot of time pressure. Awatif Mohammed Shoqi Advocates & Legal Consultancy is a law firm in Dubai that helps people, businesses, and entrepreneurs with a wide range of legal issues. The company helps clients with complicated criminal and international legal problems who may be under investigation or in court in more than one place. What UAE Courts Think About Extradition Requests Sometimes, UAE courts say no to requests for extradition. Instead, judges carefully check that the request is completely legal. The following things may be taken into account by courts: If the crime is illegal in both the country that asked for it and the United Arab Emirates, If the crime is bad enough to get someone deported, If the case has a political angle If the request follows the rules of the treaty Also, the courts can make sure that the process was safe. Extradition may not happen if the legal requirements are not met. Common Situations That Lead to Extradition Requests People from other countries who live in the United Arab Emirates often have trouble with extradition when Crimes that hurt the economy or cost people money In some countries, you can get an arrest warrant for business-related crimes, fraud, or financial crimes. Investigations Across Borders When different jurisdictions work together on an investigation, they may ask for extradition in cases that involve more than one jurisdiction. Arrest warrants in other countries A warrant from another country may require the person's transfer. Red Notices from Interpol Police all over the world can see these notices. They could lead to an arrest or questioning. A lawyer must think carefully about each case before making any decisions. Practical Advice If you think you might have an extradition problem in the United Arab Emirates, you should be careful and get expert legal advice. Here are some good things to do: Get legal help right away. Getting legal advice early on can help you avoid problems and better understand what's going on. Don't leave the country until you know what's going on. International notices may keep you at airports or other places. Get the right forms Lawyers may be able to figure out how strong a case is by looking at court documents, legal records, and letters. Get help from lawyers who know a lot about international criminal cases. General criminal lawyers may not always know what they need to know for extradition cases. How to Choose the Best International Extradition Law Firm in the UAE You should look at a law firm's past actions, reputation, and advertising when deciding whether to hire them. Here are some important things to think about: Has the lawyer ever worked on cases where a client was sent back to their home country? Are they ready to handle cases of international crime? Do they know what Interpol does? Can they work with lawyers from other countries if they need to? UAE citizens should usually work with an international extradition law firm that knows both international criminal law and the laws of the UAE. Conclusion In the UAE, cases that involve international extradition need complicated legal processes that go beyond normal criminal defense. They need to be smart in court, work with governments all over the world, and read treaties carefully. It's important to choose a reputable international extradition law firm to protect your legal rights, whether you live in the country or are an expat. People should look for lawyers who have successfully defended criminals in other countries, know how international law works, and are good at working with the UAE legal system. They should think about more than just names or rankings. Awatif Mohammed Shoqi Advocates & Legal Consultancy and other Dubai law firms that deal with cross-border criminal cases help people with complicated legal issues that span multiple countries. Early legal advice and a well-thought-out legal plan can have a big effect on extradition cases in the United Arab Emirates. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction As the world becomes increasingly digital, we are more connected than ever. But this development has also brought new and more intricate threats that could hurt the economy and society. The United Arab Emirates is known for being a leader in technology and innovation. To secure the public’s trust and also national security, it is important to protect the digital environment. The UAE enacted Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 Concerning the Fight Against Rumors, and Cybercrime was enacted on January 2, 2022. It was further amended by Federal Law No. 5/2024. This comprehensive framework does not merely update old penalties; it redefines the standards of digital citizenship. By moving from a reactive model of cybersecurity to a proactive, governance-based system, the law addresses the complexities of the fourth industrial revolution, ranging from the industrialization of disinformation via "e-robots" to the subtle breach of personal privacy on social media platforms. The Architecture of Information Integrity: Understanding Article 52 At the heart of the UAE’s response to the viral nature of misinformation is Article 52, a provision specifically designed to halt the spread of "fake news". The law targets any individual who uses an information network to disseminate, circulate, or recirculate false data or rumors that contradict officially announced news. Three main things usually have to happen for an act to be considered a crime under this article. It must be false or misleading information that is likely to change people's minds or disturb the peace, and it must go against what the government has said. The consequences are harsh: a minimum of AED 100,000 in fines and a minimum of one year in jail. The law also knows that rumors can be particularly serious when things are dire. False information can spread quickly and hurt people. That's why the punishments are much harsher in cases of emergencies, epidemics, or disasters. The law says that in these situations, the person must spend at least two years in prison and pay a fine of at least AED 200,000. This is because, in a crisis, even one piece of information that hasn't been checked can quickly cause panic, lead people astray, and have a big impact on the economy or public health. The Industrialization of Disinformation: E-Robots and External Influence In an era where technology can automate the spread of falsehoods, the law introduces specific measures against the "industrialization" of disinformation. Article 54 addresses the use of automated programs or electronic robots that are created or modified to disseminate misleading information. The penalties include imprisonment of 2 years or fines between AED 100,000 and AED 1,000,000. The UAE has expanded its laws to apply even to actions taken outside the country. So, if someone spreads rumors from abroad, they can still be investigated and prosecuted under UAE law. Article 55 also targets anyone who asks for or accepts gifts or benefits, inside or outside the UAE, in return for publishing illegal content or spreading false information in the country. This helps the UAE address digital campaigns that try to disrupt its social or economic stability, no matter where the funding comes from. Social Harmony Over Absolute Transparency: The Privacy Provisions Perhaps the most culturally distinct aspect of Decree-Law No. 34/2021 is its prioritization of "social harmony" over "absolute transparency". Under Article 44, it is a criminal offense to use information technology to breach the privacy of an individual or their family life. This includes: Eavesdropping and interception of communications. Taking photographs or videos of others without their permission and saving or publishing them, even in public spaces. Publishing news or images, even if true, with the specific intent of harming an individual. The law imposes a minimum of six months' imprisonment and fines not less than AED 150,000 and not more than AED 500,000 for privacy breaches. If the material is modified, such as through deepfake technology, to defame the victim, the prison term increases to at least one year. National Status and the Protection of State Symbols The law also provides robust protections for the reputation and status of the State and its institutions. Article 25 criminalizes mocking or harming the reputation and standing of the UAE, its founding leaders, the national flag, currency, anthem, or any national symbols. Violators may face not more than five years in prison and a fine of not more than AED 500,000. Similarly, Article 20 imposes a life sentence for anyone who manages a website or publishes information aimed at changing the ruling regime, effectively prohibiting the use of digital platforms for political destabilization. "Unlawful content" is broadly defined in Article 1 to include anything that harms national security, sovereignty, or public confidence in state institutions. Platform Accountability: The Gatekeeper’s Duty Under the 2021 law, responsibility isn’t just on the person posting content—it also applies to the people running the platforms. Simply put, platform owners and administrators need to stay aware of what’s being shared and take action if something inappropriate or unlawful comes up. Article 53 makes this especially clear. If unlawful content is found on a platform and the authorities officially notify the owner, they must remove it promptly. Failing to do so can lead to heavy fines, ranging from AED 300,000 to AED 10,000,000. Administrators are now considered the "gatekeepers" of the digital space. Furthermore, Article 19 mandates that all online content must comply with "media content standards" issued by competent authorities. Failure of a website manager to comply with these standards can result in up to one year of imprisonment. Infrastructure Protection and Financial Security Beyond the realm of speech and privacy, the law establishes a rigorous defense for the nation’s digital infrastructure. Articles 2 through 5 address unauthorized access to information systems (hacking). The penalties follow a sliding scale based on the target: Basic Hacking: Even if no data is stolen, unauthorized access to a system carries a fine between AED 100,000 and AED 300,000. Government Systems: Hacking a government website is a high-value target offense. Unauthorized access alone carries "temporary imprisonment" and a fine of up to AED 500,000. If the hack results in damage or obtaining data, the sentence can escalate to a minimum of seven years and a fine of up to AED 1,500,000. For both individuals and businesses, the law is there to protect against growing risks like online fraud and extortion. For example, under Article 40, using tricks like phishing emails or pretending to be a bank to steal money is treated very seriously. It can lead to at least one year in prison and fines of up to AED 1,000,000. Enforcement, and Extraterritoriality, The Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority (TDRA) and the UAE Cybersecurity Council guide the enforcement of these provisions. The TDRA coordinates the Internet Access Management (IAM) policy, which directs internet service providers to block prohibited content categories and take down fraudulent or privacy-invading sites. Citizens and residents are encouraged to play an active role through specialized reporting portals such as the eCrimes platform by the Ministry of Interior, the Aman service in Abu Dhabi, and the Dubai Police eCrime website. Conclusion: The Standard of Digital Citizenship Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 ensures that the technological developments do not affect the public order or personal dignity. By codifying strict rules for information integrity, reputation management, and platform accountability, the UAE has created one of the most rigorous cyber-regulatory environments in the world. The law makes it clear that being anonymous online does not remove your responsibility. You can communicate and share, but you should think before posting, make sure your information is accurate, and treat others with respect online. For businesses, the expectations are even higher. Companies need to build compliance into their systems from the start, keeping an eye on content and making sure their platforms are used responsibly to avoid serious legal trouble. This law is designed to build trust. It makes the digital world safer and more reliable, helping keep the UAE a secure place for living, working, and doing business. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction Extradition requests in the UAE are primarily governed by Federal Law No. 39 of 2006 Concerning International Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters, which has been recently updated by Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2023. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) cooperate with other nations to address these criminal challenges, and this cooperation is based on international agreements, treaties, or the concept of reciprocity. The Extradition procedure Article 7 stipulates a couple of legal conditions for a person's surrender. The formal extradition process known as "surrender" occurs when the United Arab Emirates transfers a wanted individual to a foreign court for investigation, trial, or imprisonment. The law establishes specific legal requirements that must be met for such a surrender to be authorized: The act for which extradition is sought must be a crime in both the requesting state and the UAE, punishable by deprivation of liberty for at least one year or a more severe penalty. Addressing dual criminality, it doesn't matter if the states term the crime by different names or categories. If the individual has already been convicted, extradition is only permitted if they have at least six months remaining on their custodial sentence. Requirements for Formal Documentation under Article 11 The UAE Central Authority (Ministry of Justice) must receive a formal extradition request in writing through diplomatic channels. The requesting state must translate it into Arabic and sign and certify it formally. The request must contain the person's name, description, pictures, and any other information that can help prove their identity, nationality, and whereabouts. The requesting state must also give the exact language of the law that applies to the crime or a copy of it, as well as the details of the sentence, together with a written warrant from the foreign court authority. A comprehensive outline of the case, including the type of crime, the exact actions the person is accused of, and the date and place of the offense, should be included. If already found guilty, then judgment evidence, such as an official copy of the judgment, proof that it can be carried out, and information about the term given. Judicial and Administrative Review The Central Authority verifies that formal requirements are met and then refers the request to the Public Prosecution. A Competent Court of Appeal hears the request in a closed session with the Public Prosecution and the person sought present. The Minister of Justice has to consent to the extradition if the court finds the request valid. Both the Public Prosecutor and the requested person have 30 days to appeal the court's decision before the Court of Cassation. Interpol Red Notice and Extradition An Interpol Red Notice is an international arrest alert that serves as a precursor which allows the UAE to detain a person urgently. This is, however, distinct from a formal extradition request, which is a more comprehensive legal and diplomatic request that must comply with the specific documentation and translation requirements outlined in Article 11 of the Law. INTERPOL is a neutral platform for international cooperation, however, it is not authorized to compel member states to make an arrest. Extradition and international arrest warrants (specifically INTERPOL Red Notices) are distinct legal instruments that collaborate to expedite the arrest and return of fugitives across borders. A Red Notice is a global request that is sent to law enforcement agencies worldwide to locate and provisionally detain an individual who is pending extradition, surrender, or some other form of legal action. People often think that a Red Notice is an international arrest warrant, which is not true. It is an international warning issued when a country requests an arrest warrant or a court order from its own judicial system. Extradition is the formal judicial procedure by which a person is surrendered by one state to another for the purpose of prosecution or serving a sentence. In the UAE, this is governed by Federal Law No. (39) of 2006. Grounds for Denying Extradition Extradition must be refused if any of the following conditions exist under Article 9: Citizenship: The person sought is a citizen of the UAE. UAE Jurisdiction: UAE laws provide jurisdiction to local judicial authorities over the specific offense. Political or Military Character: The offense is of a military nature or is a political offense. However, political offenses do not include terrorism, war crimes, genocide, or crimes against heads of state and their families. Discriminatory Purpose: There are substantial grounds to believe the request is intended to punish the person based on race, religion, nationality, or political opinion. Legal Finality (Ne Bis In Idem): The individual has been previously tried, acquitted, or convicted for the same offense, or the case has expired due to the statute of limitations. Conclusion The process of international alerts and extradition is elaborately designed to prevent individuals from being unfairly treated and to ensure that no border can be used as a simple escape from justice. In the UAE, the process is a strict legal journey governed by Federal Law No. 39 of 2006. It begins when a country sends a formal request through diplomatic channels to the Ministry of Justice. For an extradition to happen, the crime must be a serious one (usually punishable by at least a year in prison) in both the UAE and the requesting country. Ultimately, a UAE court must review the case, and the Minister of Justice must give the final approval before anyone is sent abroad. INTERPOL acts as the global messenger in this process. Their most famous tool, the Red Notice, is a powerful global alert that informs police in 196 countries that a person is wanted. People with an active notice are very likely to be arrested immediately when they try to cross a border, making foreign travel extremely risky for them. Even though these tools are necessary for global security, they are balanced by laws that protect people. People can contest these alerts through an independent organization known as the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF), ensuring that global policing remains neutral and fair. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction The Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2024 represents a major step forward in modernizing the approach to alimony and family support in the UAE. Rather than treating maintenance as a rigid financial obligation, the new law adopts a more realistic and compassionate understanding of what family support truly entails. It defines alimony as “the necessities and essential needs such as food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and education," thereby placing everyday well-being at the center of the legal framework. The law is crucial because it makes the rules more flexible and structured, keeping in mind the practical realities of family life. Thus, providing stronger assistance for dependents and easier to enforce, which suggests that the UAE's personal status system is moving in a more progressive direction. Flexible Family Support The judge must take into account the financial capacity of the individual providing support, the beneficiary's specific requirements and condition, and the economic conditions of the time and place in order to ensure that the support is no less than what is required, as per Article 96. Article 96(3) clearly suggests that alimony can be replaced by allowing the use or benefit of property in kind. This enables the provision of a home or vehicle as an alternative to a portion of financial support. Throughout history, the primary emphasis was on evaluating cash quantities in accordance with the debtor's financial capacity. Under the previous regime, Article 63 stated that, while it included a dwelling as part of alimony, the focus remained heavily on assessing cash amounts based on the debtor’s financial capacity, the beneficiary's specific condition, and the economic conditions of the time and place. The new law makes it possible to use various kinds of property as a direct replacement for the entire alimony obligation. This modification gives the payer greater flexibility and gives the family immediate financial help. In practice, this reform provides a flexible alternative for those obligated to pay support. Strengthened Enforcement and Legal Priority To maintain families financially stable and make sure that dependents support without delay, the new law makes it easier to execute priority orders by placing alimony payments over other financial obligations. Article 98 designates continuous alimony, due from the date a claim is filed, and classifies it as a privileged debt that takes precedence over all other debts. Additionally, the clause offers depth by clarifying that wives, children and parents are considered dependents and are entitled to continuing alimony. It again clarifies that the ‘past alimony shall be considered as other debts,’ meaning it is considered as a standard debt and doesn't enjoy the same priority status as ongoing current alimony support. This means that if a debtor owes money to more than one person, the current monthly support (alimony) will come first. On the other hand, any unpaid alimony from previous years is not given the same priority and is instead treated as a regular civil debt. Article 3(2) of the Issuance Provisions of the Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2024 says that the Cabinet, based on the proposal of the Minister of Justice after coordination with relevant entities, can designate either a government or private entity to pay alimony to the family first and then collect it from the debtor. This is a major shift as these organizations take on the "capacity of judgment creditors." Article 65 of the 2005 Law also states that continuing alimony is a privileged debt and is more important than other debts. But it didn't include the third-party administrative system that was added in the 2024 Decree. The enforcement earlier was a direct court process between the two parties, which often led to significant delays. Retrospective Expenses The new law updates the timelines for claiming past support and allows for retroactive adjustments in certain scenarios. The court may modify existing alimony orders when circumstances change (e.g., a significant increase in the cost of living or the father’s income), which is a general provision in both laws. According to the new law under Article 97(2)(a), the court can now order an increase in alimony with a retroactive effect of up to six (6) months from the date of the claim. However, a ruling to decrease alimony does not have a retroactive effect and is generally calculated from the date the judgment is issued, unless the court specifies otherwise. The old law lacks such time frame provision for retroactivity. Earlier, under the previous law, Article 64(3) says that any increase or decrease was strictly computed from the date the claim was introduced in court, with no further retroactive window. The regulations that govern retroactivity and back-dated expenses have been substantially improved. These modifications make it easier to adjust alimony by making certain "look-back" windows smaller than they were in the 2005 Law. Article 99(3) reduces the wife's claim for unpaid alimony from three years to two years. This encourages people to file disputes more quickly and preventing unmanageable debts for the payer. However, both the new law in Article 111 and the old law in Article 86 maintain a one-year limit for claiming past-due maintenance for children from their father. The UAE has provided protection for families that are going through unforeseen changes in their finances by enabling retroactive changes. Other Progressive Amendments Article 95 of the new law defines alimony as including necessities and essential needs, specifically naming "education" alongside food, clothing, shelter, and medical care, whereas the old law did not explicitly list "education" in its primary definition of maintenance. This can be seen as a progressive change giving importance to education. Another significant new protection for women involves a penalty for husbands who do not promptly register a divorce. A husband is now legally required to authenticate a divorce in court within 15 days, according to Article 58. If he fails to do so without an excuse, the wife is entitled to compensation equivalent to the alimony she would have received from the actual date of the divorce until the date it is officially authenticated. This ensures women are not left out from getting the financial help by a husband's administrative delay. The new law also brings simplified forfeiture rules under Article 103. The criteria for when a wife loses her right to alimony have been simplified to focus on specific, modern interactions. Alimony is forfeited only if she refuses intercourse, refuses to move to/stay in the marital home, or refuses to travel with her husband without a valid and justifiable reason, unlike the previous law, which included more complex scenarios for forfeiture under Article 71. Conclusion The 2025 reforms transform family maintenance from a possible source of dispute into a flexible safety arrangement by allowing in-kind property contributions to substitute for cash payments. By granting ongoing alimony priority status and empowering third-party entities to pay dependents immediately before recovering funds from debtors, the law ensures that a child's basic needs are never held bound by administrative or payment delays. These reforms, when combined with the implementation of retroactive increases for a maximum of six months, establish a financial framework that prioritizes the family unit's sustained stability and well-being ahead of all else. Collectively, these reforms indicate a deliberate transition toward the UAE's family law system, which is characterized by improved financial security, accountability, and equitable protection. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction The UAE's judicial approach to family matters has undergone a transformative shift with the enactment of Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2024, which officially replaces the framework of Federal Law No. 28 of 2005. The new law brings effectiveness in the dispute resolution process while placing the child's best interests first. These changes reduce the time frame spent in the system, giving importance to family stability. Shortened Arbitration Period An arbitrator is appointed in the first instance when a marriage reaches a point of "discord",. Under both the old and new laws, the process is designed to prioritize family stability before a final divorce is granted. Arbitrators are appointed when a spouse files for divorce due to harm or prejudice, but the harm is not immediately proven to the court's satisfaction as per Article 72 of the law. The primary reasons for their appointment are to identify the root causes of the prejudice and discordance that make friendly companionship between the spouses impossible, and to make every effort to reconcile the spouses and save the marriage. If reconciliation is impossible, the arbitrators determine which party is at fault and recommend the financial terms of the separation. The new legal framework introduces a significant reduction in the time allotted for divorce arbitration. Article 72 of the new law says that the court is now required to set an arbitration period not exceeding 60 days from the date the arbitrators are appointed. This represents a substantial decrease from the standard set in the previous legislation, where Article 118 (2) permitted an arbitration assignment to last for up to 90 days. This reform is a central component of the initiative to create a streamlined family court in the UAE, aimed at preventing cases from languishing in the system and reducing the emotional burden on the family. A reasoned decision is submitted by arbitrators to the judge, which outlines their efforts and conclusion. Claims for Extended Custody The UAE has significantly expanded the legal window for parents to assert their custodial rights, doubling the amount of time parents have to make a claim to protect their interests. According to Article 115(1)(d) of the new law, a parent's right to custody is forfeited only if they fail to claim it for a period exceeding one year from the date they became aware of their right. A critical component of this modernization is the emphasis on judicial flexibility. The legislation right now says that this one-year forfeiture requirement can be disregarded if the child’s best interest requires a different outcome. However, under Article 152(3) of the old law, a parent might lose their right to custody if they remained silent and failed to claim it for 6 months without a valid excuse.  This shows that the changes introduced by the 2024 enactment make sure that parents are given adequate time so that they are not unfairly denied of their legal rights. Expedite Court Procedures The authority of Urgent Matters Court has been significantly increased by Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2024 to guarantee that legal matters do not interfere with a child's daily life. Article 112(4) provides that any conflict concerning the child's best interests be brought before the summary magistrate, who issues a rapid decision via an "order on petition" while considering the guardian's financial capacity and respecting the mother’s educational guardianship. In addition, Article 112 (5) provides an important way to resolve disagreements about a child's education without the delays of a regular trial. While the custodial mother is designated as the educational guardian by default under Article 112 (3), this is not an absolute right. Article 112 (5) serves as the "corrective" mechanism to this. It allows the father or another legal guardian to petition for a transfer of educational guardianship if they can prove that the child's interests require such a change. These provisions collectively aim to protect the child's interest at the same time does not interfere with a child's education or immediate welfare requirements. Discretionary Family Guidance Going from a mandatory to a discretionary approach for family guidance in the UAE has made it much easier to proceed to court. Article 16 (1) of the 2005 Law says that a personal status case can't be brought to court until it has been sent to the Family Orientation Committee first. While there were narrow exceptions, such as wills, inheritance, and urgent summary alimony, custody or guardianship cases, most standard divorce and dispute cases were legally blocked from reaching a judge until mediation had been attempted. In order to reduce administrative delays, the 2024 Law shifts this requirement into a discretionary tool for the court. Under Article 8 (1) of the new law, the supervising judge now "may" issue a decision to refer parties to the Family Guidance and Reconciliation Centre only "if deemed beneficial". Judges can now expedite cases directly to trial if it is clear that reconciliation is impossible, avoiding the previous "wait time" required by the mandatory committee phase. The new law explicitly exempts urgent orders regarding alimony, custody, and guardianship that cannot be reconciled from referral to the Family Mediation and Guidance Centre. This ensures that immediate protections for children and financial support are not delayed by a mediation process. Conclusion The UAE family court has been effectively transformed into a responsive system as a result of the 2025 reforms. By accelerating the divorce arbitration period to 60 days, doubling the custody claim deadline to one year, and moving to a discretionary family guidance model, the law effectively removes traditional administrative hurdles. Ultimately, by empowering the Magistrate of summary justice to break deadlocks via "orders on petition" for urgent welfare needs, the new law ensures that the judicial process acts as a swift protector of the child’s stability rather than a source of prolonged litigation. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction One of the first things fathers say in a divorce consultation is not about assets or maintenance. It’s this: “Am I going to lose my children?” There is a persistent belief in Dubai that once a marriage ends, the mother automatically gets custody, and the father becomes a weekend visitor. That assumption causes unnecessary panic, and in many cases, it is simply wrong. The law in the UAE does not remove fathers from their children’s lives by default. What it does do is prioritise the child’s welfare above everything else. Once you understand how the system actually works, the position becomes far clearer and far less alarming. The starting point depends on the family In Dubai, custody is governed by federal legislation. For Muslim families, Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2024, the Personal Status Law, applies. For non-Muslim families, Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022 introduced a civil framework that significantly changed how custody is approached. That 2022 law is particularly important for expat fathers. It introduced a presumption of joint custody. In simple terms, the court begins with the idea that both parents should continue sharing responsibility after divorce unless there is a clear reason not to. That is a major shift from older assumptions. For Muslim families, physical custody and guardianship are usually misunderstood. Custody Does Not Equal Losing Control: What Fathers Need to Know The father often assumes that there is a total loss of control when the custody is given to the mother, but there is not. However, in physical custody, the child lives with the mother on a day-to-day basis, and in guardianship, in many Muslim cases, the father remains the legal guardian even if the child resides primarily with the mother. Guardianship commonly includes decisions about schooling, travel, passports, financial matters, and broader legal representation. That authority is not symbolic. It carries real legal weight. So while a child may spend more overnight time with one parent, major decisions often still require the father’s involvement or consent. Understanding this distinction is central to understanding fathers' rights in child custody in Dubai. How Dubai Courts Approach Custody Decisions Courts favor stability, continuity, and the arrangement that protects the child’s emotional and educational well-being. Historically, younger children have often lived with their mothers, particularly in Muslim families. But that is not an automatic or irreversible rule; it depends on situations in certain cases. In non-Muslim cases under civil law, shared parenting is the default position. The court expects both parents to remain actively involved unless evidence shows that such an arrangement would harm the child. If a father can demonstrate that living primarily with him better serves the child’s interests because of schooling, stability, safety concerns, or relocation risks, the court can and does award custody accordingly. Gender alone is not decisive. In such scenarios, preparation of the case is important. For that reason, many fathers seek early guidance from a top family law firm in Dubai or consult the best family lawyer in the UAE to ensure their case is presented clearly, calmly, and with a consistent focus on the child’s welfare. Relocation Outside the UAE: Guardian Consent and Court Approval In a city like Dubai, where many families are expatriates, international relocation is one of the most contested issues. If the father is the legal guardian, the child typically cannot be relocated outside the UAE without his consent or a court order. That gives fathers significant legal standing in relocation disputes. Judges look closely at whether a move would disrupt schooling, extended family relationships, or regular contact with the other parent. If one parent wishes to move, relocation may not be approved unless the reason is in the best interests of the child. These cases are fact-heavy and require careful preparation. Impact of Remarriage on Father’s Rights For Child Custody In Dubai In Muslim custody cases in Dubai, remarriage can be a factor the court considers, but it is not a mechanical trigger. The court will examine whether the new circumstances genuinely affect the child’s welfare. Again, the child’s interests remain the center of the analysis. How Judges Evaluate Fathers’ Child Custody Rights in Dubai In practice, Dubai courts look at patterns, not isolated arguments. Who has been actively involved in schooling? Who attends medical appointments? Where is the child most emotionally settled? Is either parent behaving in a way that creates instability? Documentation carries weight. Emotional accusations do not. Older children may be heard, depending on maturity, but their preference is only one factor among many. As Mrs. Awatif often advises clients, custody cases are not won through dramatic arguments but through steady evidence and a child-focused presentation. Fathers seeking clarity on how courts assess these matters frequently consult a top law firm in Dubai or work with the best family lawyer in the UAE to ensure their position reflects what judges are actually looking for. Immigration and sponsorship Even where a father does not receive primary physical custody, access rights are enforceable court orders. It is not optional, depending on goodwill. For non-compliance with the court orders, courts intervene and impose penalties for non-compliance. Travel permissions, visa status, and sponsorship rights may be affected by the custody arrangement. Such issues should be addressed specifically in expat families, since they can later become an issue. Conclusion Consistency and involvement are the major focus when going through a divorce. Maintain records of your engagement in your child’s life. Avoid hostile communications. Demonstrate stability. Seeking early advice from a top family lawyer in Dubai who understands how local courts approach fathers’ rights in child custody cases is very crucial. Mrs. Awatif Al Khouri from Awatif Mohammed Shoqi Advocates and Legal Consultancy has shown unwavering dedication in protecting the fathers’ child custody rights in several divorce cases. To note, strategy and timings matter equally. Many custody outcomes are shaped long before a final judgment is issued. According to UAE law, in Muslim cases in Dubai, the father retains the right of guardianship, and in non-Muslim cases, joint custody is presumed. Divorce changes the structure of a family. It does not remove a father’s legal status or importance. In Dubai, the courts understand that the benefit of children is built with meaningful relationships of both parents. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction You do not search for a criminal defense lawyer in the UAE unless something has already gone wrong. Usually it starts unexpectedly: a phone call from the police, a complaint filed against you, or a request to attend a station “for questioning.” The immediate reaction is often to type "criminal lawyer near me" in the browser. In that moment, what matters most is not panic; it is timing. Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 on the Issuance of the Crimes and Penalties Law and Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 on the Issuance of the Criminal Procedure Law govern the criminal justice system. It is structured, document-driven, and procedural. Once statements are recorded and files are created, they become part of the official record. That is why early decisions carry weight. Understanding how the process works can help you avoid preventable mistakes. How Criminal Cases Work in the UAE While no two cases are identical, criminal proceedings generally move through three main stages. Police Complaint and Investigation Everything usually begins at the police station. A complaint is filed. Statements are taken. Evidence is reviewed. The police may question both parties separately. In some cases, detention follows. This stage often feels informal, but legally it is not. What you say is documented. Even differences in wording can later be interpreted in unintended ways. Many people assume they can clarify everything themselves. Sometimes they can. Sometimes they unintentionally complicate matters. It is important to involve a criminal lawyer before the file progresses. Public Prosecution Referral The matter is transferred to the public prosecutor if the police believe there is a case to answer. The prosecution decides what happens next upon reviewing the file. Further investigation may be initiated. It may involve bail and may also result in formal charges and referral to the criminal court. This is where legal experience usually shows up. A well-prepared submission made at the right moment can change how the prosecutor sees the case. A competent criminal defense lawyer knows how to resolve issues such as conflicting evidence, legal flaws, and other circumstances before they get worse. At this point, strategy is the most crucial element. Proceedings of the Criminal Court Hearings are scheduled once the matter is put forth before the court. Depending on the complexity and evidence, some matters conclude quickly, and others take longer. Penalties such as fines or imprisonment; for expats, it can lead to deportations. Appeals are possible, but they are not a replacement for strong early preparation. Why It's Important to Hire a Skilled Criminal Defense Attorney The UAE is governed by civil law. Common law nations have different procedures and standards for evidence. Assumptions about foreign legal systems may be misleading. Having practical expertise in UAE courtrooms should be a primary consideration while searching for a criminal defense attorney. Protection of Procedural Position Procedural compliance is important from the initial police encounter to judicial proceedings. A criminal defense lawyer keeps an eye on the collection of evidence, the management of custody, and the observance of legal obligations. Evaluating the Strength of the Case Inconsistencies in testimony, technical procedural errors, or a lack of supporting evidence may be revealed after a careful legal review. An accusation alone does not decide the outcome. Defense is often methodical. Knowledge about the UAE Criminal Courts Theoretical understanding and actual courtroom practice are very different from each other. In criminal proceedings, familiarity with court dynamics is not a minor detail. It can influence outcomes Awatif Mohammed Shoqi Advocates & Legal Consultancy, with extensive expertise in litigation, has successfully handled numerous criminal cases in the UAE. Mrs. Awatif Al Khouri and the firm exemplify the importance of a well-structured strategy and confidence in one's assertions during challenging times. What To Do If You Are Accused of a Crime in the UAE If you are facing detention or under police investigation, these steps will help you navigate: Maintain your composure If you find yourself in disagreement with the allegations, it is advisable to maintain a demeanor of respect and politeness, as adopting an aggressive or emotional stance is unlikely to result in a favorable outcome. Reach out to a criminal defense lawyer. To explore avenues for securing bail and other alternatives, it is crucial to consult with a criminal defense lawyer at the earliest opportunity. Read before you sign. Arabic documents should not be signed unless you know the language and you understand what the contents mean. Get help to read the document. Keep Relevant Records Messages, contracts, payment records, or timelines may later become important. Inform Your Embassy if Necessary For expatriates, embassy notification can assist in certain serious matters. Delays reduce flexibility, and early action expands it. What to Look for in a Criminal Lawyer in the UAE When choosing a criminal defense lawyer, focus on genuine experience and practical ability, not just titles or marketing claims. The right lawyer should give you confidence, clarity, and steady guidance from the very beginning. Experience with Criminal Cases An experienced lawyer knows how the system functions in practice and foresees potential challenges to protect your rights. He will be able to navigate and give practical advice according to the case. Courtroom Confidence Arguments presented by a criminal defense lawyer before a judge impact the conclusion of the case. Knowledge of UAE criminal and procedural law Since the UAE Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Law go hand in hand, it is important that the criminal defense lawyer be thorough with the laws. Direct Communication You should receive realistic advice — not exaggerated promises. Strategic Guidance For an effective defense, it’s essential to be efficient with time, collect appropriate evidence, and implement the correct procedural strategy. Local Representation Representation must be promptly available in matters of emergency. A criminal defense lawyer near you can help you respond quickly by physically visiting the police station in times of need. Final Thoughts: Do Not Delay Legal Advice Criminal allegations in the UAE can affect far more than a court file. They may impact your employment, residency status, travel, and long-term reputation. If you are searching for a criminal defense lawyer in the UAE or typing “criminal lawyer near me” because you need urgent legal assistance, treat that decision carefully. The lawyer you appoint at this stage can directly influence how your case is handled from the outset. An experienced criminal lawyer near you should be able to respond immediately, attend police stations without delay, represent you before public prosecution, and build a structured defense strategy grounded in the UAE Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Law. Early legal advice protects your position before matters escalate. Strong leadership and courtroom authority are equally important. Mrs. Awatif Al Khouri's clients appreciate her dedication to every criminal case she handles. With her extensive experience and knowledge of UAE criminal law, she offers valuable guidance on complex issues. She achieves this by focusing on safeguarding their rights and securing the best possible outcome. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

A Lawyer's Guide to What to Do After an Arrest in Dubai Getting arrested in Dubai can be scary, especially for expats who don't know the laws in the UAE. The legal process can be scary and confusing, from being questioned by the police to being held. Knowing what to do after being arrested can help you protect your rights, avoid misunderstandings, and get the best possible result. Some quick facts about arrests in Dubai Article 48 of the Federal Decree Law 38/2022 promulgating the Criminal Procedures Law deals with the rights of the accused after arrest. The Dubai Police handle both minor and major offenses. For some crimes, the law can send people to jail, punish them, or deport them back to their home country. It's really important for foreigners to know how the system works and what their rights are. Step 1: Stay calm and work together. Don't panic or fight back when you're arrested. If you resist physically, you could face more charges. Pay attention and don't argue with the officers. When you're in a storm, staying calm helps you get through it safely. Step 2: Use your right to have a lawyer represent you Before you make any statements, you have the right to talk to a criminal lawyer. A lawyer makes sure that your rights are protected and can stop you from making false or coerced confessions. Step 3: Don't say anything that might get you in trouble. Don't talk to other people about the case, post about it on social media, or try to explain yourself to people you don't know. Things you say in passing can even be used against you. It's like telling the other team your game plan in real life. Anything you say can be used in court. Step 4: Write down everything As soon as you possibly can, write in the time, location, and names of the officers, as well as what took place. Make sure to keep copies of any paperwork, invoices, or IDs that are related to your case. Your lawyer can make your case stronger by keeping evidence safe. Step 5: How to leave jail or stay there The police in the United Arab Emirates could give bail or sentence someone to prison, depending on the crime. A lawyer talks to you about the terms of your bail, helps you post bond if you need to, and makes sure that the terms of your release are fair. Tip: Having a lawyer there early on makes it more likely that the bail terms will be fair. Step 6: Look into things and ask questions If the police keep asking you the same questions, always have your lawyer with you. They will tell you what to say and do, as well as how to act like a professional. Lawyers additionally make sure that your statements are put in correctly along with, if required, translated. Step 7: Preparing to safeguard yourself To collect evidence, attorneys review documents, interview witnesses, and engage in various other activities. Inquiries may arise regarding unlawful searches, errors that occurred, or discrepancies between police reports. Step 8: Get a lawyer to help you in court. When you go to court, a hearing, or try to make a deal, your lawyer is there for you. They fight for you, ask questions, and bring up things that could help your case. Depending on the situation, a good lawyer can help you get probation, lower your penalties, or keep you from going to jail. Step 9: Get help after the trial If someone is found guilty, lawyers can help with appeals, getting a shorter sentence, or rehab programs. Expats might need to return to their country of origin or encounter difficulties with mobility. Lawyers assist in reducing the likelihood of these risks occurring Driving under the influence (DUI) and other drug- or alcohol-related traffic offenses are common problems for expats in Dubai. Disagreements at work that lead to criminal charges, such as fraud or breach of trust Accusations of cybercrime, like posts or messages on the web Drug-related arrests, where even having drugs by accident can have serious effects Helpful Tips for Expats Always be calm and polite. Ask for a lawyer right away Don't talk about your case in public or online. Write down everything that happens in detail. Keep any proof of the event safe. Listen carefully to what your lawyer says. Conclusion Being arrested in Dubai is a significant issue, especially for expatriates who may not be well-versed in the legal system of the United Arab Emirates. he outcome of your case can be significantly impacted by taking prompt action, being composed, and getting the right legal assistance. Initial advice from a seasoned criminal attorney is essential for safeguarding your rights, facilitating communication with law enforcement, and effectively navigating court processes. By implementing appropriate support and a strategic approach, it is possible to mitigate legal risks, enhance your reputation, and secure your future more effectively. Author: Awatif Al Khouri  

Introduction When a criminal complaint surfaces, most people react the same way—they start searching for the best criminal law firm in the UAE. It’s an emotional moment. There’s uncertainty, pressure, and often very little clarity about what happens next. But the idea that there is one single “best” firm across the country isn’t realistic. Some firms are known for handling serious financial investigations. Others spend most of their time in court defending assault or drug cases. Some are particularly experienced in guiding expats who feel lost in the system. The right criminal law firm that Dubai residents choose often depends less on reputation and more on relevance. In other words, the best firm is the one that fits your situation. Understanding Criminal Law in the UAE Criminal matters in the UAE are mainly governed by Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 and Federal Decree-Law No. 38/2022. Offences fall into three broad categories: Infractions (Article 31)—In infractions, the penalty may involve detention for a period of not less than 24 hours and not more than 10 days carried out in designated facilities or a fine not exceeding AED 10,000. Misdemeanors (Article 30)—A misdemeanor crime includes a penalty of a jail sentence, a fine exceeding AED 10,000, or the payment of blood money (diya), depending on the nature and consequences of the offense. Felonies (Article 29)—Depending on the seriousness of the offense, penalties under UAE law can include retaliation (Qisas) punishment, the death penalty, life imprisonment, or temporary imprisonment for a fixed term. Most cases begin at the police station. After the investigation, the file goes to the Public Prosecution. If the case moves forward, it will reach the criminal court. For expats, the situation can feel heavier. A case doesn’t just mean court dates; it can also affect employment and residency. That’s why many people look carefully for the best criminal law firms that UAE residents already have confidence in. What Actually Makes a Criminal Law Firm Stand Out? Marketing language can be impressive, but it rarely tells you what you really need to know. Instead, look at practical points: Does the lawyer regularly handle criminal cases? Have they worked on matters similar to yours? Are they realistic when discussing possible outcomes? Is the fee structure transparent from the start? Do they respond promptly when something urgent happens? The best criminal law firm that UAE clients often end up choosing is usually not the one making the strongest claims. It’s the one that feels steady, prepared, and transparent. Comparative Breakdown: Choosing Based on Your Situation Different types of allegations call for different kinds of experience. Here’s how that tends to play out. Scenario 1: Business-Related Criminal Allegations Example: Breach of trust, cheque disputes, fraud complaints. Best Fit: A firm that has experience in handling both paperwork and the criminal procedure of the court. It is important to look over the agreements, deals, and other private communications. Scenario 2: Assault or Public Order Offences Example: Physical dispute, alcohol-related incident, verbal insult complaint. Best Fit: A firm that spends a lot of time in criminal court. These cases often move quickly. With early advice, the case can be influenced in the correct direction. Handling witness statements and presenting arguments can be easier when handled by experienced criminal law firms. Scenario 3: Charges Associated with Drugs Even possession of small amounts of drugs can constitute a drug offense in the UAE. Best Fit: Experienced criminal defence law firms in Dubai that handle serious cases as part of their core work. Scenario 4: First-Time Minor Offence (Expat) Example: Small dispute, unintentional violation. Best Fit: Experienced firm that practices transparent communication and prioritizes a practical approach. In these cases, the best criminal law firm in the UAE can be the one that delivers clear answers and doesn't make things worse. Awatif Mohammed Shoqi Advocates and Legal Consultancy is a full-service firm that manages such cases, handling business-related criminal matters, court-based offenses, drug charges, and first-time expat cases with practical guidance and clear legal support throughout the process. Things to Watch Out for in a Criminal Defense Firm Exercise caution if You are assured of a certain outcome. From the start, fees are unclear. The lawyer representing you is someone you never met. Difficult questions are brushed aside. Criminal defence requires trust. Honest advice, even when it’s not what you want to hear, is usually a better sign than bold assurances. Questions You Should Always Ask Before deciding on a criminal law firm, Dubai residents may suggest considering asking the following: Have you handled cases like mine? Will you personally represent me in court? What are the realistic risks? Could this affect my visa or travel status? What will the total cost likely be? The answers and the tone in which they’re given often tell you everything you need to know. So, Which Law Firm Is Truly the Best? There isn’t one single firm that qualifies as the best criminal law firm in the UAE in every situation. The right choice depends on: How serious the allegation is Whether business or financial issues are involved Immigration concern Budget Your level of comfort with the lawyer A firm that excels in complex financial crime may not be the ideal choice for a minor public dispute. What matters most is alignment between the case and the firm’s real experience. Conclusion It can be stressful to deal with criminal cases. Particularly for foreigners, the procedure may seem strange and daunting. The best criminal defense attorneys that UAE citizens can rely on will carefully advise you, clearly state your case, and take prompt action when needed. Rather than focusing only on who claims to be the best, focus on who understands your situation and gives you straightforward advice. That approach usually leads to choosing the right criminal law firm in Dubai or anywhere else in the UAE for your specific needs. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

What to Do If You’re Accused of Fraud in the UAE Imagine you’re walking into a busy souk (market), and someone sells you a “genuine” designer bag at half‑the‑price; only later do you discover it’s fake. In the UAE, fraud can look like that: false promises, forged documents, or deceptive schemes. If you’re an expat and find yourself a victim or even accused of fraud, a criminal lawyer becomes your roadmap out of a maze. This article explains clearly how a lawyer can help when fraud strikes: what the law says, what your rights are, and concrete steps you can take to protect yourself. What counts as “fraud” in the UAE: Legal Basics Under Federal Decree‑Law No. 31 of 2021, fraud includes obtaining money, movable or immovable property, or documents by deception—e.g., false name, false identity, or misrepresentation. Deception necessitates that the victim relinquish property or rights; lying alone may not suffice; however, misrepresentation combined with profit frequently results in fraud. In UAE law, fraud requires "fraudulent means" (material acts or external appearances) that convince a victim to surrender property. For “electronic fraud” (online scams, fake banking apps, phishing, identity theft), there is a separate statute: Federal Decree‑Law No. 34 of 2021 on cybercrimes with heavy penalties for online deception. In the UAE, penalties for fraud are stringent, leading to significant consequences. Judges do not evaluate the charge in isolation while rendering a decision. They consider the overall situation, including how much money was involved, the way the offense occurred, and whether there were aggravating aspects such as fraud involving government entities, the use of fake or altered documents, or activity carried out online or through digital systems. The Role of a Criminal Lawyer in Your Case Evaluate whether the act qualifies as “fraud” under UAE law Fraud is a technical crime. A good lawyer assesses whether all legal elements (deception, false identity or misrepresentation, victim’s consent under that deception, actual loss) are present or whether the case can be challenged as a mere misunderstanding or civil dispute instead of criminal fraud. Help victims file criminal complaints and collect evidence If you’re a victim (scam, fraud, cyber‑fraud, bad cheque, real‑estate scam, identity theft), a lawyer helps you prepare a complaint, gather documents and evidence (chat logs, emails, contracts, screenshots), and submit to authorities properly. This increases chances of a thorough investigation and recovery. If someone accuses you, hire a lawyer to help you. Not everyone who is accused of fraud is doing something wrong on purpose. They can also happen when people don't understand each other or when business deals go wrong. It's essential to have a lawyer in these types of situations. A lawyer ensures that your rights are safeguarded during an investigation by the police or when you appear in court. Their assistance can significantly reduce the likelihood of being convicted, fined, or deported.   At the exact same time as charges are pending, you can work off settlements, get back stolen property, or file civil claims. In many fraud cases, civil claims for damages or restitution can happen at the same time as or after criminal cases. A lawyer can assist you in recovering lost funds, assets, or other forms of compensation via appropriate legal avenues. An attorney can assist you in recovering lost funds, assets, or other forms of compensation via appropriate legal avenues.   Obtain protective orders and freeze assets. A UAE lawyer can secure your claim by promptly obtaining precautionary measures in cases of significant fraud or forgery. To prevent the suspect from fleeing, a travel restriction is implemented, and a precautionary attachment is implemented to immediately freeze their bank accounts, property, and vehicles. Typically, these decrees are issued "ex parte" (without the suspect's knowledge) to prevent the concealment of assets prior to a final judgment. When Expats Really Need A Criminal Lawyer Fake "get-rich-quick" schemes or online investment frauds are prevalent among expatriates: Several expatriates are targeted by fraudulent platforms or social media that advertise high returns. These actions can be readily classified as cyber fraud under UAE law. Scams that involve real estate or rentals include the use of forged title deeds, phony agents, and fake bank guarantees. Under false pretenses, individuals who are victims provide funds for down payments or deposits. All scams that involve jobs or business transactions, including fake job offers, fake recruitment agencies, contract fraud, and stealing company money, are scams. Bank fraud, check scams, and identity theft—fake cheques, fake banking apps, and transfers that aren't allowed. Cyber and financial fraud are both very serious crimes. Cross-border fraud or international scams happen when expats live in another country and are involved through offshore companies or deals made in other countries. Cross-jurisdiction law is complicated, and a lawyer helps make sure everything goes smoothly. Without a lawyer, handling legal issues abroad is risky and confusing; with one, you have a knowledgeable guide who ensures safer, faster outcomes, saving time, money, and stress. If you think you might be a victim of fraud, here are some useful tips for expats. Don't talk to the person you think is a fraudster. Don't sign anything else or send any more money. Keep all proof, like chats, emails, bank statements, contracts, and documents, in both digital and physical form. If a significant amount of money is involved, or if the case includes forged documents or identity theft, you should contact a criminal lawyer immediately. Tell the police or other authorities about the fraud. Many emirates in the UAE have official websites for reporting cyber fraud. Don't fall for "pay-to-recover" scams, which are when someone asks for money up front to get your lost money back. Real lawyers or government officials won't ask for a lot of money up front. Stay calm and tell your lawyer everything if you are accused. Maintaining an open and honest relationship with your legal team enables them to better protect you. Behaving in a manner that is characterized by fear or concealing information, on the other hand, can have a huge impact on the outcome of your argument. Conclusion According to the law of the UAE, fraud crimes that take place in the banking, real estate, commercial, or online sectors are regarded as particularly serious. Expatriates may face severe consequences, such as the potential for deportation, imprisonment, substantial penalties, reputational damage, or property forfeiture. If you suspect that an individual has engaged in fraudulent activities or if you have been the subject of an investigation, it is essential that you act promptly. Acquire evidence, retain an experienced criminal attorney, and navigate the UAE's legal system with the appropriate assistance. Author: Awatif Al Khouri

Introduction Extradition, a fundamental aspect of international legal cooperation, plays an important role in bringing criminals to justice and maintaining the rule of law. The Extradition Law and proceedings in the UAE, as outlined in Federal Law No. 39/2006 and amended by Federal Decree-Law No. 38/2023, establish a comprehensive framework for managing extradition petitions and processes. A detailed summary is provided below Procedures for Extradition Requests and Attachments (Article 33): The provisions of Article 33 were replaced by virtue of  Article 1 of the Federal Decree Law No. 38/2023 The Public Prosecutor, or an authorized representative, is empowered to approach the Central Authority in the foreign jurisdiction to initiate extradition proceedings for individuals who have been sentenced to a minimum of six months or who are facing charges for offenses that carry a penalty of one year or greater. The request for extradition should be submitted in written form, containing the date, signatures, and official seals. It must also include complete identification of the individual, a detailed account of the facts, classification of the offense, pertinent legal provisions, and the basis for the extradition. All documents are required to be transmitted through the Central Authority utilizing diplomatic channels and must be translated into the language of the foreign authority or another language that is accepted, unless otherwise stipulated by a treaty. Arresting the Extraditee in Case of Urgency (Article 34): The provisions of Article 34 were replaced by virtue of  Article 1 of the Federal Decree Law No. 38/2023 In an emergency, the public prosecutor or someone they have authorized may tell the right authorities in the requesting State about an arrest warrant that was issued according to the law. This is done to make sure that the individual who is wanted is arrested and held temporarily. The arrest warrant must be communicated through the Ministry of Interior’s communication department. The Public Prosecution must next complete the relevant extradition paperwork and send it to the requesting State via the Central Authority's diplomatic channels. Legal Classification of the Crime (Article 36-37): If the legal classification of the offence is changed during proceedings, the extradited person may not be accused, tried, or subjected to any procedure affecting their freedom unless the new classification is based on the same facts for which extradition was granted and carries the same penalty or a more severe one With the exception of border offenses, the State may offer a commitment to the Requested State, in line with relevant provisions of the conventions, to refrain from imposing the death penalty on the individual being extradited. In cases of retaliatory offenses, such an action may only be permitted if the victim's rightful heirs give away their Shari’a right. The issuance of the undertaking is to be carried out by the minister, followed by the requisite procedures to modify the penalty. Management of the Surrender and Extradition of Items (Articles 38-42): The Public Prosecutor or their delegate has the authority to transfer items related to a crime to the Requesting State, regardless of whether these items are in the possession of the individual facing extradition or were found subsequently, provided that such transfer does not contravene local legislation. The surrender of items may be deferred if they are required for local judicial or administrative functions. With official oversight, items can be sent overseas upon the request of a foreign entity, as long as all necessary requirements are met and there is no risk to state security, public order, or ethical standards. The tribunal assesses the arguments presented by both the Public Prosecution and the complainant before making a decision. Interested parties are allowed to challenge the surrender within a period of 15 days. Request of Judicial Assistance from Foreign Judicial Authorities to the State (Article 43-58) The State may provide judicial assistance in criminal cases if the offense falls under its jurisdiction and the help is necessary for foreign proceedings. Assistance can include locating individuals, hearing witnesses, presenting detainees, notifying documents, seizing property, providing evidence, sharing records, and freezing funds. All requests are to be formally submitted in writing through the Central Authority by way of diplomatic channels. Submissions should include all the case details, relevant documents, and Arabic translations. Witnesses, experts, or imprisoned persons may provide testimony or expertise under safeguards, including immunity from prosecution. If the sovereignty, security, public order, local procedures, or personal safety are at risk, the transfers or testimonies may be denied. Also, if requests are based on politics, are discriminatory, are against the law, or are not allowed by law, they too can be denied. The Requesting State bears expenses, fees, and remuneration, with advance payment possible. Assets, documents, or proceeds related to the case may be returned or shared according to rules set by the Minister and relevant authorities, with a committee handling revenue-sharing requests. Request of Judicial Assistance from The State Authorities to the Foreign Judicial Authorities (Article 59-63) The judicial authority has the ability to contact the Central Authority for assistance. The Central Authority will initially verify that the request meets the formal criteria before transmitting it to the foreign authority through diplomatic channels. The appropriate date, signature, and seal should be included in the documentation of all requests. In addition, they must include the required translations, as well as exhaustive information about the case, the parties involved, the incidents, the relevant provisions, the procedures, the witnesses, the supporting documents, the additional evidence, and any deadlines for execution. Actions taken under judicial assistance are significant when they are executed in accordance with the regulations established by the foreign authority, unless the domestic authority mandates a specific format, and they have the same impact as if they were conducted within the domestic jurisdiction. A witness, expert, or defendant cannot be prosecuted, detained, or have their freedom restricted for prior criminal acts or convictions before leaving the Requesting State if the assistance involves summoning them. This immunity is valid for 30 days after they are notified that their presence is no longer necessary, excluding periods when departure was impeded for reasons beyond their control. Transfer of Convicts to a Foreign State (Articles 64-71): The Public Prosecutor has the authority to authorize a transfer request under specific conditions: the offense must be punishable in the enforcing state, the conviction must be final, the individual must be a citizen of the enforcing state, consent must be obtained (either directly or through a legal representative), the remaining sentence must be a minimum of six months, and the enforcing state must assume the costs associated with the transfer. Requests should be denied in instances where they interfere with the sovereignty, security, or public order; involve military offenses; diverge in penal codes; permit special amnesty; or pertain to financial obligations or minimal or maximum sentences that apply. Requests must be written in Arabic (or translated) and include personal details, nationality documents, domicile, prison location, certified conviction, remaining sentence, consent, and a commitment against special amnesty. The Public Prosecution guarantees that consent is obtained freely and with full awareness. The State, through the Central Authority, is required to notify the enforcing State of any conditions or processes that may affect the implementation of penalties. Also, it is the responsibility of the State to cover transfer expenses and guardianship responsibilities. Transfer of Convicted from a Foreign State (Articles 72-78): The State may request a foreign State to transfer a national serving a sentence there. Convict’s personal information, proof of nationality, details of imprisonment, and translations of all documents into the language of the convicting State or another officially ratified recognized language must be included in the written request. Sentences are implemented in accordance with state legislation, with time served abroad deducted, and transferred offenders are imprisoned on the Public Prosecutor's decision. The State is responsible for enforcement; however, it must notify the convicted State and give updates upon request. The transferred convict cannot be retried or subjected to legal proceedings for the same incidents that were the subject of the original judgment. Medical release must be reported to the convicting State. While the general amnesty is applied automatically, the approval of the convicting State is required for special amnesty or conditional release. The acknowledgment of amnesty provided by the convicting State is also recognized. Conclusion The UAE's extradition and transfer of convicts legislation is a robust legal framework that enables the country to cooperate with other nations in criminal matters. It sets out the duties, protocols and compliance mandates; it also harmonizes international relationships with local safeguards They ensure that requests, judicial assistance, and transfers are managed appropriately, with all required documentation, consent, and protective measures established. Subsequently, the regulations protect personal liberty, sovereignty of the nation, and the public order. Through these provisions, the UAE confirms its commitment to upholding the rule of law and promoting justice both domestically and internationally.   Author: Awatif Al Khouri

When do you need an inheritance lawyer in the UAE? Think of passing an estate to your family like handing over a safe deposit box full of valuables: if the key (a valid will) is clear and everyone knows the code, the handover is calm. If you lose the key, the box stays locked. Family members fight, banks freeze assets, and courts decide the code for you. This guide tells married couples living in the UAE in simple terms when they need an inheritance lawyer, what the law allows, examples from real life that you can use in family conversation, and easy ways to keep your spouse and kids safe. Why is a lawyer important in the UAE? The UAE made a modern civil personal-status system that makes it easier for non-Muslims to make wills and plan for their estates. There are special registries for wills in the UAE. They may make a will with the DIFC, Abu Dhabi Civil Family Courts (ADCFC). The applicable laws would be Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022 on Civil Personal Status and Abu Dhabi Law No. 14 of 2021 on Civil Marriage and its Effects in Abu Dhabi. When you need to hire an inheritance lawyer You don't have a will, or your will is old. If a spouse dies without a valid will, the law says how the estate should be divided, which may not be what your family wants. A lawyer who specializes in inheritance writes a clear, legally binding will and tells you where to register it in the UAE. This is the most common reason families need legal help. You or your spouse are living abroad and own property in more than one country. Managing cross-border estates is like managing bank accounts in different currencies: each country has its own rules. Lawyers work with lawyers from other countries to figure out which laws apply and help register or change wills so they are valid in all jurisdictions. You own property, a business, or complicated assets like stocks, insurance, or digital assets. Buying real estate or company shares requires certain papers and sometimes even corporate resolutions. A lawyer keeps the estate from being frozen, figures out who gets what, and helps with the transfer of ownership. Family members don't agree or someone contests the will If heirs disagree with a will, think it was forged, or say that someone had too much power over it, an inheritance lawyer who can go to court can get emergency court orders, protect assets and evidence, and try to reach settlements when possible. You have dependents with special needs or minor children A lawyer can write up provisions (and suggest trust-style mechanisms or court orders) to make sure that children and dependent spouses are taken care of without having to go to court for custody, guardianship, or long-term funds. Use real-life examples to explain this to your spouse. Without a will, there is no roadmap, leaving your family to navigate uncertainty, waste time, and risk ending up in the wrong place while trying to reach their destination. A cross-border estate is like traveling through multiple countries; without proper planning, your loved ones may face delays, fines, and confusion. Having experienced local lawyers in each relevant country acts as a guide, ensuring the process runs smoothly and efficiently. These simple comparisons make it easier to make the decision to write a will. Timelines: What to Look Forward To A simple, registered will can speed up the probate and distribution process (weeks to a few months). It could take months or longer for estates that are complicated, disputed, or cross-border. Registering with a dedicated wills service (DIFC, ADCFC, or Dubai Courts) cuts down on uncertainty and lowers the chance of long court battles. A quick list of useful tips for married couples Draft a will and register it where appropriate (DIFC, ADCFC, and Dubai Courts) Keep the official copy in a safe place (and let your spouse know where it is). Make a list of your most important assets, like your homes, bank accounts, stocks, and insurance policies, and keep proof that you own them. After big life events like the birth of a child, buying a house, or changing your citizenship, read your will again. If you own property in another country, you should talk to both a UAE lawyer and a lawyer in that country. Conclusion An inheritance lawyer isn't just for rich married couples in the UAE; they're also the locksmiths who make sure your family can get into the safe deposit box when the time comes. If you don't have a will, own property in more than one country, own a business, have family problems, or have dependents who are at risk, you should talk to a lawyer. It protects your spouse and children to register a clear will with the right UAE registry.   Author: Awatif Al Khouri

How Long Will a Divorce Take in the UAE? What Couples Should Expect It can be hard to think about getting a divorce in the UAE, especially if you’re an expat or a couple who doesn’t know much about the local legal system. Clients, couples, and partners often ask us, “How long will the divorce take?” The divorce process in the UAE isn’t the same as it is in Western countries. Depending on your situation, the timeline could be as short as a few weeks or as long as a year. This article, written by experienced Divorce Lawyers UAE, explains the timeline in plain language, uses real-life examples, shares interesting facts and figures, and gives you useful advice on how to plan your next steps. A quick look: Why the Timeline is Important The length of a divorce, whether it is contested or agreed upon, matters legally, financially, and emotionally. Your decisions early on will affect how long it will take, from your visa status to child custody, asset division, and future plans. What Factors Affect the Divorce Timeline in the UAE? There are a number of things that affect how long it takes to get a divorce in the UAE. Think of “speed” as the distance between two points: Uncontested Divorce:Like a highway with no traffic that goes smoothly Contested Divorce:Like driving through a city with a lot of stops and turns Here are the things that affect the timeline: Agreement Between Spouses Divorce proceedings are generally faster when both spouses agree on all key issues, including financial arrangements and child custody. Divorce Type (Muslim or Not Muslim) The type of divorce can affect how the case is handled and how long it takes. In the UAE, the Personal Status Courts, which use Sharia law, usually handle divorces between Muslim spouses. In some emirates, like Abu Dhabi, non-Muslim expats can go to Civil Family Courts to settle their disputes. These courts may have different rules and timelines. Court Procedures, Mediation, and Case Complexity In many divorce cases, UAE courts require both spouses to attend family counselling or mediation before the matter can proceed further. These sessions are intended to encourage discussion and help the parties resolve their differences without prolonged litigation. The length of this stage can vary, depending on how many meetings are needed and whether any progress is made. Hard financial and child-related issues The timeline may also be extended where there are complicated financial or child-related issues to resolve. Matters such as dividing property, determining financial support, or setting child custody arrangements often require additional hearings and careful consideration, which can add time to the overall process. Divorce that is in dispute (when issues are contested) When the spouses can’t agree on things like alimony, child custody, or how to divide their property, the divorce process usually takes a lot longer. These cases can take anywhere from six to twelve months, and sometimes longer, depending on how busy the court is and how complicated the issues are. A divorce that isn’t agreed upon can easily last more than a year if there are repeated hearings or appeals. Like a renovation that shows hidden problems with the structure, each issue that isn’t fixed adds time to the process. A breakdown of the timeline step by step Putting in the petition The court will set a date for the first review once all the required papers have been turned in. This step of the process usually doesn’t take long. It can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on how busy the court is and whether the paperwork was done correctly. Family counseling and mediation In a lot of cases, and depending on the emirate, the people involved have to go to family guidance or mediation sessions before the case can move forward. The goal of these meetings is to help spouses work out their problems in a friendly way. If they can’t agree right away, they may need to have more than one session, which can make the process take longer. Court dates If there is a disagreement over the divorce, the court will often hold more than one hearing. The time between hearings can change a lot, mostly because of the court’s schedule and how complicated the case is. Final Decision Once the court approves or determines the final terms, the judge issues the divorce decree. Fact that expats might find interesting There are no official nationwide statistics available to the public, but many lawyers say that uncontested divorces in the UAE tend to go faster than in most Western cities, where court backlogs can make the process take more than a year. How to Make the Process Go Faster Divorce lawyers in the UAE who have been around for a while say: Get things in order early Before you file, make sure you have your marriage certificate, Emirates ID, children’s papers, financial statements, and translations ready. Say What You Mean If both spouses can agree on the terms right away, it cuts down on time a lot. Get Help from a Professional If you hire experienced Divorce Lawyers UAE, you can avoid delays caused by missing paperwork or misunderstandings. Conclusion In short, there is no predetermined period for divorce in the UAE because each case is different. If both spouses can agree on the main points, the process can go pretty quickly and be done in a few weeks or months. But when there are disagreements about money, kids, or other important issues, the process can take longer and last for six months, a year, or even longer. Staying organized, being open to working together when you can, and getting advice from a knowledgeable divorce lawyer in the UAE can all help keep things moving and protect your interests. No matter what stage you’re at, knowing how the process works and getting ready in advance can make a big difference.   Author: Awatif Al Khouri

AGE LIMITS, RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES The United Arab Emirates has brought about sweeping changes in Family Law, particularly under divorce, alimony and child custody rights. In this article, we will analyse the new laws regarding child custody under the UAE Family Law for Muslims and Non-Muslims. Family Law in the UAE In the UAE, family law is covered under three laws, namely, the Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2024 on the Issuance of Personal Status Law (“Federal Personal Status Law”), governing Muslims across the seven emirates in the UAE, the Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2022, governing non-Muslims in the UAE except in the emirate of Abu Dhabi (“Federal Civil Personal Status Law”), and Abu Dhabi Law No. 14 of 2021, governing Non-Muslims within the emirate of Abu Dhabi (“Abu Dhabi Civil Personal Status Law”). Child Custody under the Federal Personal Status Law The Federal Personal Status Law replaces the previous law under Federal Decree Law No. 28 of 2005. Under both laws, child custody is divided into guardianship and custody. Guardianship involves the overall welfare of the child, while custody involves the day to day care of a child. Under the new law, the age of custody has undergone major changes. As per the old law, after a divorce, the mother obtained custody over her male children until the age of 11 and the female children until the age of 13, after which the fathers obtained custody of children. However, the new law has homogenised the custody age to 18 for both male and female children. The father is granted guardianship rights over the children during this time However, the Federal Personal Status Law grants children the right to choose between the two parents, after the children attain the age of 15, provided that the judge deems this choice to not be against the best interests of the children. Impact on Travel The change in custody rights also affect the laws regarding travel with a child after a divorce. The Federal Personal Status Law allows both parents the right to travel alone with the children, if they provide proper guarantee to the other parent. In case the other parent objects to the travel, they may seek a decision from the court of law. The law also grants the parents the right to seek extension of the travel period by 60 days if it is in the best interest of the child or in cases of medical treatments or for any other reason accepted by the court. Child Custody under the civil personal status law The civil family laws in the UAE, under both the Federal Civil Personal Status Law and the Abu Dhabi Civil Personal Status Law recognises the concept of joint custody of children after a divorce. These laws are in line with the international family law principles, granting both parent equal rights and duties over the children. Thus, both the father and the mother is required to contribute to the day to day care and welfare of the children, as well as undertaking the financial responsibilities of the children equally. Parents are however free to decide on the manner of joint custody, or whether they want to assign specific roles regarding the care and welfare of their children. If the parents are unable to reach an amicable decision, they may approach the court, which will then provide a decision based on the best interests of the children. The parents may also waive their right to joint custody of the children. Additionally, either parent may request the court to disqualify the other parent from being a joint custodian, due to the following reasons: If the child in custody risks being exposed to domestic violence or ill-treatment. If the living conditions provided by the joint custodian to the child in custody is considered inadequate If the joint custodian has behavioural or psychological problems that would harm the child in custody or expose him/her to danger or negligence If the joint custodian does not perform their custodial duties. If the joint custodian commits a crime against morals and honor that prevents them from carrying out their custodial duties or poses a threat to the behavior of the child in custody, provided that their guilt is proven by a final judgment. If the joint custodian does not devote time to caring for the child in custody or is distracted from caring for the child in custody. If the joint custodian abuses drugs, alcohol or any psychotropic substances. If the joint custodian suffers from health issues that prevent them from carrying out their duties with respect to the child in custody. Any other reasons as determined by the competent court and in the interest of the child in custody If a parent successfully proves that the joint custodian is ineligible for custodianship, the court may decree that the remaining parent is the sole custodian of the child.   Author: Awatif Al Khouri

The UAE government has issued a series of changes to its family laws through the recently passed new personal status law, namely Federal Decree Law No. 41 of 2024 on the Issuance of Personal Status. The law will be enforced in the country in April 2025 and will be applicable to Muslims in the UAE, both nationals and expats. The law will be applied to ongoing cases in the court that have not received a final order. The new law has made changes in provisions related to grounds for divorce, child custody and alimony, among others. Divorce lawyers in Dubai are studying the new law and analyzing the impact it will have on the family legal system in the UAE. Custody Laws One of the most significant changes under the new law is the change in the age of custody. The custody of children has been raised to 18, regardless of the gender of the child. In a custody ruling, custody is generally granted to the mother. Previously, mother’s custody extended until a male child turned 13 and a female child turned 11. However, the new law not only raises the age of custody, but also makes it uniform, regardless of the gender of the child. Among other changes in laws related to child custody, a non-Muslim mother’s custody over a minor child may be extended beyond the age of 5, as per the discretion of the court. The law has also made procedural changes to obtaining educational guardianship, enabling parties to approach the Urgent Matter Court to ensure speedy judgements. Termination of marriage The new law has brought in certain changes to the provisions regarding grounds for divorce. Divorce due to substance abuse The law now specifically states that using drugs, alcohol or other psychotropic substances is a valid ground for divorce. Although parties currently use this ground to obtain a divorce, the current law under Federal Decree Law No. 28 of 2005 does not explicitly list this reason as a ground for divorce. Rather, the reason is raised as per established rulings of the Court of Cassation. Divorce due to medical conditions The law has also made changes to the conditions governing divorce due to medical conditions that prevents the parties from engaging in marital activities. As per the new law, if a spouse invokes this ground for divorce, the court has the authority to appoint an expert to evaluate such medical conditions and to grant one year time for medical treatment to the spouse who requires it, before granting the divorce. Divorce due to abandonment If a wife is abandoned by her husband, she may request for a divorce after waiting for 6 months. The older law set this waiting period as one year, but the new law has shortened the time period. However, the wife is now required to give a 6 months’ notice to her husband to return to the marital house or enable the wife to join him at his new residence. Divorce due to the imprisonment of the husband The law allows a woman to seek a divorce if her husband is imprisoned for more than three years, and has served at least one year of the imprisonment. The new law has laid down two additional requirements to invoke this ground, stating that the divorce will not be issued unless there is more than 6 months left before the husband is released from prison, and the divorce request will not be accepted if the husband is released within the time the litigation process is completed. Dubai family lawyers will understand the practical aspect of the law, once the law comes into effect on the 15th of April 2025. The legal experts of family law in the UAE will now adapt these new changes in their practice and advise on their clients matters. Author: Dr. Hassan Elhais