Recovering Overpaid Rent? Court of Cassation Removes Requirement for Prior Notice
On 20 March 2026, the Belgian Court of Cassation delivered an important ruling on the requirements for recovering rent indexation payments made in error. The key issue was whether a tenant must always send a registered letter before claiming repayment of rent (or indexed rent increases) paid in excess of what was due. The Court’s …
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The Geopolitical Conflict and Contractual Risk Allocation: Force Majeure and Hardship in the Context of the US–Iran Crisis
Geopolitical tensions in the Gulf are no longer just a political or military concern. They are actively reshaping contractual risk and have huge impact on contracts including construction and oil and gas contracts.
Non-payment of Premiums in Insurance Contracts
Accesos y propiedad (IMPORTANTE) ¿Quién es el propietario principal de cada cuenta? ¿Están vinculadas a un correo institucional o personal? ¿Hay doble autenticación (2FA)? ¿A qué número o app está ligada? ¿Existen accesos compartidos con terceros (freelancers, ex agencias)? ¿Nos entregan: Usuarios y contraseñas? Correos vinculados? Métodos de recuperación? Pide que todo quede migrado a …
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Validation Orders: Balancing Asset Preservation and Business Continuity
Imagine operating a company, only to find without any warning that the company’s bank accounts have been blocked. The immediate consequence is one of acute disruption and uncertainty. You learn that a winding-up petition has been filed against the company, triggering restrictions that effectively prevent it from carrying out ordinary financial transactions. At that point, …
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Cyprus Personal Taxation: What Foreign Investors and Employees Need to Know Following the January 1, 2026 Tax Reform
The Cypriot tax landscape has undergone a significant recalibration following the entry into force of a broad package of fiscal reforms, effective as from the 1st of January, 2026. Although a considerable part of the legislative focus has centered around corporate-related matters, the amendments introduced in the area of personal taxation are also noteworthy, particularly …
Strategic Partnership Model: How Foreign OEMs Must Partner, License and Transfer Technology
India’s defence procurement framework has undergone a major shift from import-led acquisition towards indigenous manufacturing, localisation and technology engagement. The Strategic Partnership Model (“SPM”), originally introduced under the Defence Procurement Procedure, 2016and subsequently incorporated into the Defence Acquisition Procedure, 2020 (“DAP 2020”), reflects the Government of India’s long-term policy objective of establishing domestic defence industry …
Amendments and Additions Introduced to the Law “On Personal Data”
On 26 March 2026, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan (“Uzbekistan”) “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of Uzbekistan ‘On Personal Data’” No. 1125 (the “Law No. 1125”) was adopted.
State Initiatives to Stimulate Production and Enhance Research Activities in the Pharmaceutical Industry
On 5 March 2026, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (“Uzbekistan”) signed the Decree «On Additional Measures to Stimulate Production and Improve Research and Development Processes in the Pharmaceutical Industry» No. UP-35 (the “Decree No. 35”), which came into force on 7 March 2026.
European Citizenship after Commission v Malta: From Transactional Access to Contributive Belonging
Executive Summary One year on, Commission v Malta has become far more than a judgment about the closure of one Maltese investor route. It is now a central reference point in the debate on how citizenship may lawfully be granted within a European legal order shaped by mutual trust, sincere cooperation, and the constitutional consequences …
IRDAI’s Regulatory Sandbox Regulations 2025: Key Changes for Insurance Innovation
Introduction The IRDAI first introduced the regulatory sandbox framework in 2019 with the objective of permitting controlled experimentation in the insurance sector while maintaining policyholder protection and orderly market development[[1]]. Conceptually, the sandbox operates as a controlled environment for innovation, allowing relaxations to participants from existing compliance requirements without diluting the underlying principles of prudential …
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