Radio Frequency Identification Devices: Advanced Wireless Technologies May Enhance Homeland Security

Originally published 2nd Quarter 2004

On June 26, 1974, a 10-pack of Wrigley’s chewing gum crossed a scanner at a Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio. It was the first item scanned at a check-out using a Uniform Product Code (UPC). The UPC system revolutionized inventory management by creating economic efficiencies previously unheard of in retail transactions. Today, another important technology revolution is underway which may supersede the impact made by the UPC system as it will transform the supply chain while also significantly strengthening homeland security. The communications technologies driving this revolution are collectively known as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

Radio Frequency Identification is a general term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify individual items, and in some cases, conduct transactions. RFID "tags" consist of tiny, but durable, computer chips attached to small, sometimes paper thin, antennas. The computer chip, depending