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ARTICLE · 01 MAY 2026

Stranger Things In The RCRA Hazardous Waste Regulations

Federal judges have described RCRA's hazardous waste regulatory program using colorful metaphors like "Cloud Cuckoo Land" and "Alice in Wonderland," with one judge even suggesting the rule writers "ought to go to jail." This article examines the top contenders for the most confusing aspects of RCRA regulations and explores how regulatory reform could significantly improve implementation of these notoriously complex environmental rules.

United StatesEnvironment

Principal Aaron Goldberg (Austin and Washington, DC) authored an article, “Stranger Things in the RCRA Hazardous Waste Regulations,” for the Spring 2026 edition of the American Bar Association's Natural Resources & Environment publication.

Federal judges have variously described the hazardous waste regulatory program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 U.S.C. § 6901, et seq., as Cloud Cuckoo Land, Alice in Wonderland, a topsy-turvy universe, and a mind-numbing journey. See, e.g., American Petroleum Institute v. EPA, 862 F.3d 50, 65 (D.C. Cir. 2017), decision modified on reh’g, 883 F.3d 918 (D.C. Cir. 2018) (“topsy-turvy universe”). One judge went so far as to declare that “[t]he people who wrote [the rules] ought to go to jail.” Judge Critical of Both Parties in Marine Shale Case, Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News, Sept. 7, 1994, at 20.

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