According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
environmental justice is
the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people
regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect
to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental
laws, regulations and policies.
Importantly, environmental justice concerns are not new
For example, in February 1994, former President Bill Clinton
signed Executive Order No. 12898 on federal efforts focusing on
environmental justice in minority and low-income populations.
Pursuant to the executive order, "each Federal agency shall
make achieving environmental justice part of its
mission."1
Despite decades of awareness of environmental justice issues,
both federal and state governments have struggled to identify
concrete action to address the reality of persistent
disproportionate impacts from environmental stressors.