What Is Default Of Debtor?

6100 sayılı Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu (HMK)'nun 326. maddesinin 2. fıkrasında; "Davada iki taraftan her biri kısmen haklı çıkarsa, mahkeme, yargılama giderlerini tarafların haklılık oranına göre paylaştırır."

The competence-competence principle grants arbitral tribunals the authority to determine their own jurisdiction, including questions about the validity and scope of arbitration agreements. This article examines how Turkish law implements this fundamental arbitration doctrine through statutory provisions and judicial precedent, analyzing the balance between arbitral autonomy and judicial oversight in both domestic and international arbitration proceedings.

This article examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments in Turkey. It considers finality, reciprocity, jurisdiction, public policy, service, documentary requirements, security and the relationship between enforcement permission and actual collection. The discussion distinguishes foreign judgments from arbitral awards and from decisions eligible for a separate administrative registration route.

This article examines litigation, arbitration and mediation as distinct but connected methods of resolving cross-border disputes involving Türkiye. It considers jurisdiction, service, security for foreign claimants, arbitral consent, institutional procedures, mandatory mediation and the enforcement of outcomes. The statutory and treaty framework is read alongside the judicial authorities cited in the manuscript.

Sosyal medya ve mesajlaşma uygulamalarında özel fotoğraf ve videoların izinsiz paylaşılması önemli bir ceza hukuku sorunu haline gelmiştir. Eski sevgili veya eş tarafından mahrem görüntülerin yayımlanması...

Inheritance fraud (muris muvazaası) is one of the most common inheritance-related disputes in Turkish legal practice. It typically arises when a deceased person (the decedent) transfers real property to one heir by disguising what is, in reality, a gratuitous transfer (gift) as a sale or a contract of maintenance until death, with the intention of depriving the remaining heirs of their inheritance rights. Although such transactions appear legally valid on their face, they do not reflect the parties' true intentions and are therefore evaluated under the legal principles governing sham transactions (muvazaa).

Foreign individuals and companies have the right to file lawsuits in Turkish courts, but the litigation process differs significantly from European and American jurisdictions. Understanding the step-by-step procedure, from legal assessment and mandatory mediation to court proceedings and appeals, is essential for protecting your legal rights and commercial interests in Turkey.

In Turkish law, the concept of joint ownership manifests itself in the forms of shared ownership and undivided co-ownership. In shared ownership, multiple persons own the entirety of a thing that is not physically divided, each holding a specific share, whereas in undivided co-ownership, the co-owners do not have defined shares and jointly own the property.

Supreme Court has determined the jurisdiction of its departments with the 2015/8 numbered and 19th of January dated decision, which has been announced on the Official Gazette dated 22th of January 2015.

This article examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Türkiye and distinguishes those proceedings from subsequent collection. It considers the treaty and statutory framework, public policy, the binding effect of the award, service, documentary requirements, security, interim protection and appeals. The judicial authorities discussed in the text illustrate the limited nature of enforcement review and the importance of a properly prepared record.

One of the economic purposes of joint stock companies is to generate profits through their business activities and to distribute such profits among their shareholders in accordance with the rules stipulated by law and the articles of association.

Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı (“Bakanlık”) tarafından 18 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde yayımlanan 2026–2030 Türkiye Yapay Zekâ Eylem Planı (“Eylem Planı”), Türkiye'nin yapay zekâ ekosistemini kapsayıcı bir hukuki, teknik ve ekonomik çerçevede yapılandırmayı hedefleyen 16 öncelikli eylemi ortaya koymaktadır. “Fark Et”, “İstifade Et”, “Üret” ve “Yönet” şeklinde dört temel eksen üzerine inşa edilen Eylem Planı; insan odaklılık, etik sorumluluk, güvenilirlik, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve dijital egemenlik ilkelerini benimsemektedir.

Published on 18 August 2026 by the Ministry of Industry and Technology (“Ministry”), the 2026–2030 AI Action Plan of Türkiye (“Action Plan”) sets out 16 priority actions aimed at structuring Türkiye's artificial intelligence ecosystem within a comprehensive legal, technical, and economic framework.

Within the scope of the European Green Deal, which constitutes one of the key elements of the European Union’s (“EU”) policies to combat climate change, the EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve a climate-neutral economy by 2050.

Technological developments, the widespread use of cloud-based services, the operation of companies within multinational group structures and the increasing reliance on service providers located abroad have made cross-border transfers of personal data an integral part of companies’ day-to-day business activities.

Inheritance fraud (muris muvazaası) is one of the most common inheritance-related disputes in Turkish legal practice. It typically arises when a deceased person (the decedent) transfers real property to one heir by disguising what is, in reality, a gratuitous transfer (gift) as a sale or a contract of maintenance until death, with the intention of depriving the remaining heirs of their inheritance rights. Although such transactions appear legally valid on their face, they do not reflect the parties' true intentions and are therefore evaluated under the legal principles governing sham transactions (muvazaa).

Employment contracts may be established as fixed-term or indefinite-term contracts depending on the nature and duration of the work. In addition, these contracts may be structured as full-time, part-time, with probation period, or in other forms suitable for different working arrangements.

In Turkish law, the concept of joint ownership manifests itself in the forms of shared ownership and undivided co-ownership. In shared ownership, multiple persons own the entirety of a thing that is not physically divided, each holding a specific share, whereas in undivided co-ownership, the co-owners do not have defined shares and jointly own the property.

Mining is a sector of strategic importance to the Turkish economy; however, it is also one of the fields of activity capable of generating significant environmental impacts.

In line with the goals of combating global climate change and building a sustainable energy future, the integration of renewable energy sources into electricity networks is gaining greater importance day by day.