The social security system in Türkiye is structured around
three main types of insurance status: 4/a (SSK), 4/b
(BAĞ-KUR), and 4/c (Pension Fund). The main objective of this
system is to provide social security protection tailored to
individuals' forms of employment. BAĞ-KUR
(Social Security Organization for Artisans and the Self-Employed),
or 4/b status, specifically designed for those working on their own
behalf and account, covers a broad group including self-employed
professionals, company partners, tradespeople, and artisans.
With the enactment of Law No. 5502 on the Social Security
Institution in 2006, all social security institutions were unified
under the umbrella of the Social Security Institution (SSI). Since
then, BAĞ-KUR has ceased to exist as a separate institution;
however, in practice, it still retains its distinctive coverage
features. The scope, premium system, and insurance
conditions—clearly defined by Law No. 5510 on Social
Insurances and
