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ARTICLE · 13 MAY 2013

Issue 054 | IP Economics 101

A discussion on the economic justification for IP rights.

South AfricaIntellectual Property
Hans Muhlaberg
Hans Muhlaberg

'Inventiveness is good. It should be rewarded. Monopoly power, by contrast, is bad. It should be discouraged. So what does the patent system do? It rewards inventiveness with a licence to monopolize. That's nuts.'

So says maverick economist, Steven E Landsburg, in More Sex is Safer Sex (yes it's an economics book!) But mainstream economists have no such difficulties with IP – see the current discussion on the IP blogsite ipkittenblogspot.com. So what exactly is the economic justification for IP? IP creates monopolies. Yet economists are untroubled by this, certainly when it comes to patents and copyright. There are various theories. There's the awfully-named 'Labour-Deserve' theory, which says you're entitled to be rewarded for your efforts (deep stuff!). There's the 'Social Contract' theory, which recognises that society must offer incentives to innovate, and that it must be prepared to offer inventors and creatives a limited monopoly in return for the benefits that

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