PDPC Issues S$3,000 Penalty For Breach Of Protection Obligation

In Singapore, private sector organisations must generally comply with the transfer limitation obligation in the Personal Data Protection Act (the Act).

This update looks at the key objectives, structural framework and the main data protection rules under the new regime.

Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission has issued new guidelines clarifying how companies must handle personal data when developing and deploying generative AI systems. These guidelines address critical compliance questions around publicly available data, consent requirements, anonymization practices, and ongoing obligations for access and correction requests throughout the AI lifecycle.

On October 11, the PDPC issued an opinion that fined an insurance provider for failing to make reasonable security arrangements to protect against the unauthorized disclosure of the personal data...

On April 9, 2018, the PDPC issued new advisory guidelines on in-vehicle recordings by transport services for hire.

Singapore's Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) provides the primary legal framework for the responsible collection, use and disclosure of personal data by organisations.

The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) of Singapore recently issued a mandate requiring all businesses operating in the country to appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO)...

On July 21, the Personal Data Protection Commission ("PDPC") imposed a $5,000 fine on Toh-Shi Printing Singapore for its failure to implement proper and adequate verification procedures...

On April 21, PDPC released a list of enforcement actions brought by the agency over the past year.

The undertaking will be published in full, but the PDPC will consider redacting commercially confidential matters.

The Code is voluntary, but it will likely become an important reference point for demonstrating compliance with Article 50 of the AI Act.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a preliminary injunction against Perplexity AI, determining that when an AI agent acts at a user's direction, it is the user—not the AI company—who "accesses" computer systems under federal and California computer fraud statutes. This landmark appellate decision addresses how existing computer-access laws apply to agentic artificial intelligence and has significant implications...

The European Commission has initiated infringement procedures against 20 EU Member States for failing to transpose the EmpCo Directive by the March 27, 2026 deadline. This directive aims to combat greenwashing by requiring substantiation of environmental claims and third-party certification for sustainability labels, with full implementation expected by September 27, 2026.

Mexico's comprehensive anti-money laundering framework has undergone a sweeping transformation through Acuerdo 115/2026, introducing mandatory risk-based methodologies, enhanced client due diligence protocols, and automated monitoring requirements. With implementation deadlines beginning March 1, 2027, obligated parties conducting vulnerable activities face compressed timelines to overhaul their compliance infrastructure while navigating heightened enforcement risks and stricter beneficial ownership thresho

China's Supreme People's Court has issued comprehensive judicial rules addressing artificial intelligence disputes, establishing frameworks for product liability, intellectual property rights, and data protection. These landmark opinions provide critical guidance for global companies navigating AI-related legal risks in China's evolving regulatory landscape.

The European Commission has proposed replacing the EU's three core procurement directives with a single, directly applicable Regulation that would fundamentally reshape how companies compete for public contracts across Member States. The reform introduces mandatory quality criteria thresholds, embeds ESG considerations as evaluation factors, and establishes new security and European-preference provisions that could restrict participation based on ownership, supply chain exposure, and strategic dependencies.

A federal court has struck down New York's Climate Change Superfund Act, which sought to recover $75 billion from fossil fuel companies based on historical emissions. The ruling found the Act preempted by the Clean Air Act, marking the first judicial decision on state climate superfund legislation and establishing that EPA's rescission of the endangerment finding does not alter preemption analysis.

The European Commission has adopted final Guidelines on exclusionary abuses of dominance under Article 102 TFEU, introducing a "workable effects approach" that narrows presumptions while expanding guidance on objective justifications and recognizing sustainability benefits as valid efficiencies for the first time. These Guidelines replace the 2008 Enforcement Priorities Guidance and are expected to significantly impact enforcement practices across EU Member States and beyond, particularly for digital market

France's Anti-Corruption Agency has imposed its first-ever monetary sanctions under the Sapin II Act, penalizing a company €350,000 and its president €60,000 for widespread compliance failures. The landmark decision establishes critical precedents for enforcement strategy, breach assessment timing, and personal executive liability in anti-corruption matters.

The user of defective goods benefi ts from several causes of action against the vendor or manufacturer.