61 results found

This article examines the procedural framework for civil litigation in Türkiye from the perspective of foreign companies and claimants. It considers subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction, international jurisdiction, mandatory mediation, service, pleadings, evidence, expert reports, security, interim relief and appeals.

This article examines the statutory restrictions affecting foreign acquisition of immovable property in Türkiye. It distinguishes foreign natural persons, overseas companies and Turkish companies with foreign capital, and considers nationality conditions, quantitative limits, military and security areas, project obligations and liquidation risks.

Turkey's May 2026 legislative reforms introduce groundbreaking tax incentives and citizenship pathways that position the country as a premier destination for international investors. With a 20-year income tax exemption on foreign-source income, a $400,000 citizenship-by-investment program, and strategic advantages connecting Europe, Asia, and the Middle East...

Turkey has introduced significant investment reforms in 2026, combining attractive tax incentives with its established Citizenship by Investment programme. International investors can now access one of the world's most competitive investment migration schemes while benefiting from a 20-year income tax exemption on foreign-source income and strategic access to markets across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

Navigating inheritance law in Turkey can be complex for foreign nationals and international families dealing with cross-border estates. Understanding the legal requirements for inheriting property, bank accounts, and other assets in Turkey—including inheritance certificates, tax obligations, and recognition of foreign wills—is essential for protecting your family's rights and ensuring a smooth transfer of assets.

This article examines the interaction between Turkish residence permission and work authorisation for foreign nationals and employers. It considers permit categories, application routes, employer requirements, professional restrictions, extensions, refusals and the consequences of non-compliance.

Nowadays, the oil sector is on a voyage of major change all over the world and in particular in the European Union.

Turkey's Citizenship by Investment Program offers foreign nationals a pathway to Turkish citizenship through qualifying real estate investments of at least USD 400,000. Understanding the legal requirements, property eligibility criteria, and application procedures is crucial for investors seeking to navigate this process successfully while avoiding common pitfalls that could delay or jeopardize their citizenship application.

This article examines the legal structure and termination of exclusive distribution relationships affecting the Turkish market. It considers contractual classification, territorial protection, resale pricing, non-compete obligations, competition compliance, goodwill indemnity, customer information, intellectual property and dispute resolution.

This article examines Turkish trademark registration and the continuing protection of brands owned by foreign businesses. It considers clearance searches, classification, application procedure, refusal, opposition, use requirements, cancellation, renewal and enforcement. The role of registered trademark agents and the choice between national filing and international routes are also addressed.

Foreign individuals and companies have the right to file lawsuits in Turkish courts, but the litigation process differs significantly from European and American jurisdictions. Understanding the step-by-step procedure, from legal assessment and mandatory mediation to court proceedings and appeals, is essential for protecting your legal rights and commercial interests in Turkey.

This article examines the legal and practical framework for opening and operating a Turkish bank account as a foreign national or foreign-owned business. It distinguishes statutory customer-identification and anti-money-laundering duties from each bank's own customer-acceptance policy. The discussion addresses passports,

This article examines court-ordered interim relief in Türkiye where the underlying dispute is subject to arbitration. It distinguishes interim injunctions from interim attachments, explains the role of Article 6 of International Arbitration Law No. 4686, and addresses the separate statutory conditions under the Code of Civil Procedure and the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law. Particular attention is given to foreign-seated arbitrations, tribunal and emergency-arbitrator powers, security, procedural deadlines and the preservation of Turkish assets pending an award or enforcement proceeding.

This article examines the legal and practical considerations that arise when a foreign individual or company instructs counsel in Türkiye. It distinguishes the legal requirement for representation from the broader need to protect a client's procedural and commercial position. The discussion addresses professional registration, independence, confidentiality, conflicts of interest, attorney fees, engagement terms and powers of attorney executed abroad. It also considers the Court of Cassation authority and professional materials cited in the text. The analysis emphasises a clearly defined mandate, proportionate authority, reliable communication and early identification of deadlines, evidence and costs.

This article examines Turkish criminal proceedings involving foreign nationals, with particular attention to language, representation, liberty, consular access and parallel immigration consequences. It considers the investigation and trial process, interpretation, detention, judicial control, appeals and constitutional remedies.

Turkey’s competition regime applies to domestic conduct and to foreign transactions or practices capable of producing effects in Turkish markets. For international businesses, the principal exposure points are merger notification, pre-closing coordination, conduct by firms with market power, exchanges of competitively sensitive information and cartel enforcement. The 2026 amendments to the Turkish merger-control framework materially raise the general turnover thresholds while preserving a lower, specially tailored test for qualifying technology undertakings established in Türkiye.

This article examines Turkey's personal data protection framework under Law No. 6698 from the perspective of companies operating in, selling into or otherwise handling data connected with the Turkish market. It addresses the distinction between data controllers and processors, lawful processing, the information duty, the 2024 reform of special-category data and cross-border transfers, the 2025 VERBIS exemption update, data subject requests, breach response and enforcement.

This article examines the Turkish tax identification process for foreign nationals and distinguishes an identification number from tax residence, liability and immigration status. It considers existing identifiers, application documents, official channels, representation, data consistency and the practical use of the number in banking and property transactions.