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India’s digital payments landscape / ecosystem has grown exponentially and at a pace that regulators struggled to match. The rules governing automatic recurring charges remained scattered across multiple directives issued at different times.

The question of whether the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Authority (RERA) has jurisdiction over completed projects with pending defect liability periods presents a nuanced legal position. Based on authoritative judicial precedents and statutory interpretation, RERA generally does not have jurisdiction over projects that have already received completion certificates, even if the 5-year defect liability period under Section 14(3) of the RERA Act, 2016 is still ongoing.

The visual interface of ecommerce platforms increasingly influences how consumers select, purchase, subscribe to and cancel goods and services. Before the issuance of a framework specifically addressing dark patterns, the Consumer Protection Act 2019 (“Consumer Protection Act”) and the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules 2020 (“E-Commerce Rules”) already prohibited unfair trade practices in e-commerce.

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (‘CPA') introduced a significant development in the realm of consumer rights with the establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority...

The Central government has notified the application of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 with effect from July 20.

The raging Covid-19 pandemic across the globe has forced individuals and governments alike to resort to measures of an unprecedented nature.

Digital lending has the potential to make financial products and services accessible to public in a more fair and efficient manner.

On May 8, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") issued the Reserve Bank of India (Digital Lending) Directions, 20251 ("DL Directions") marking a significant step in formalising and strengthening the regulatory framework for digital lending in India.

The Indian pharmaceutical market is the 3rd largest in the world by volume and 13th largest in terms of value. It has an estimated value of 41 Billion USD[1]. India is the largest provider of generic...

Dark patterns fall through the cracks of consumer protection law, where enforcement stays weak and penalties trivial. This article argues that when a dominant enterprise deploys such patterns, Section 4 of the Competition Act, 2002 applies concurrently, not as an alternative, giving CCI a stronger deterrent role alongside sectoral regulators.

The establishment of e-commerce industry has been the new world order since years.

The last month of 2024 witnessed quite a few developments on the anti-trust front in India.

Unsolicited commercial communications—commonly experienced as spam calls and messages—have long undermined consumer trust in India's telecom ecosystem. Despite years of regulation, the problem has intensified with the emergence of AI-enabled calling technologies, including robo-calls, automated diallers and voice-cloning tools that allow impersonation at scale

In a significant ruling between Food Safety and Standards Authority of India v. G. Subramania Koushik & Ors. addressing consumer awareness and food safety, the Madras High Court has upheld its earlier directions requiring precautionary labelling on plastic/PET-bottled drinking water and sugar and salt sold in plastic packaging, indicating the possible presence of microplastics and nanoplastics. The decision highlights the importance of consumer disclosure, particularly where scientific research has identified potential health concerns but the precise extent of the associated risks remains under investigation.

Indian courts generally enforce exclusion clauses that bar or cap a claim for damages, but the Delhi High Court has shown that a clause shutting out damages altogether can be struck down as void under Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. So the answer to "is an exclusion clause enforceable in India?" is: usually yes, but not always.

The Hon'ble Supreme Court contended that the main motive of the Act is to provide expeditious disposal of the consumer disputes and that it is for the protection and benefit of the consumer.

This edition of the Legal Metrology and Food Law Newsletter presents key regulatory updates across legal metrology, food safety, packaging, and consumer protection in India.