1. Introduction
1.1 Current Outlook and Recent Changes
The Romanian regulatory framework for gaming was reformed in
2015–16. This created a gambling market that can be generally
characterised as robust in both its land-based and online sectors.
The COVID-19 crisis has had a severe impact on the land-based
gambling industry, which has faced continuous restrictions.
The year 2022 was one of legislative inflation affecting the
gambling industry from various (and, in some cases, unexpected)
angles, with the most notable changes being the adoption in January
2022 of the AML Instructions applicable to the gambling sector, the
increase in gambling taxes and the introduction of new obligations
for Class 2 licensees (such as the notification of any changes made
to the initial licensing documentation on the basis of which the
Class 2 licence had been granted). The trend of legislative
inflation continued in 2023. Significant changes were made to the
primary gambling
