Executive Summary
Affordable housing in India has evolved from a welfare-driven
state intervention into a structured, market-linked growth strategy
that integrates fiscal incentives, credit support, and private
sector participation. Globally, successful affordable housing
models demonstrate that long-term viability depends not merely on
subsidies but on integrated land policy, zoning reform,
transit-oriented development, and institutional capacity.
India's flagship programme, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY),
has been central to expanding access to formal housing finance and
accelerating supply across urban and rural markets, with PMAY 2.0
reflecting a shift toward consolidation and fiscal
rationalisation.
