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ARTICLE · 20 NOVEMBER 2025

White-Collar Crime 2025

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It provides an insight into the law, statutes and general practice relating to white-collar crimes in India.

IndiaCriminal Law
Vijayendra Pratap Singh
Vijayendra Pratap Singh
Asif Ahmed
Asif Ahmed
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This India Chapter 2025 has been published by Chambers and Partners at White-Collar Crime 2025 – India | Global Practice Guides | Chambers and Partners. It provides an insight into the law, statutes and general practice relating to white-collar crimes in India.

1. Criminal Law

1.1 Criminal Offences

Effective from 1 July 2024, the criminal law regime in India underwent a major overhaul. Presently, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) is the primary legislation enumerating general criminal offences and prescribing punishment. BNS repealed and replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC).

Similarly, the previous Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and the earlier Indian Evidence Act, 1872, have been repealed and replaced by Bharatiya Nagarik Surkasha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), respectively.

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