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ARTICLE · 16 AUGUST 2022

OFAC Sanctions A Second Virtual-Currency Mixer

Virtual-currency mixers anonymize cryptocurrency transactions by shuffling them to obfuscate the source and destination of the currency.

GlobalInternational Law

On August 8, 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced its second-ever designation of a virtual-currency mixer—Tornado Cash ("Tornado")—which was used to launder several billion dollars' worth of virtual currency, including funds stolen by a North Korean state-sponsored hacking group.1 Just months ago, OFAC issued its first designation of a virtual-currency mixer—Blender.io—for similar activity.2 As a result of OFAC's designation, all property and interests in property of Tornado and its 50% or more owned subsidiaries are blocked and must be reported to OFAC, and U.S. Persons3 are generally prohibited from directly or indirectly transacting or dealing with them absent a license. This designation (1) reflects the Treasury Department's increased focus and scrutiny on digital-asset companies and related service providers, (2) indicates that mixers should be considered high risk by virtual-currency firms, and (3)

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