Introduction
"Essentially what is at stake at this climate
conference is peace".
Those were the words uttered by French President François
Hollande to signify the importance of COP21 – the 21st
Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCC) held in Paris to address
climate change in December 2015. Indeed, a study by the Pew
Research Centre in the run up to COP21 found that climate change is
considered to be the greatest threat to humanity by some distance.
In a bid to address this threat, negotiators from 195 countries
succeeded in adopting a universal, comprehensive climate agreement
at COP21 (Paris Agreement).
However, the President of the International Bar Association
(IBA), David W Rivikin said, "One of the
greatest challenges for the negotiators is to persuade stakeholders
that commitments will be enforceable beyond COP21". It
has been suggested that arbitration can help with the enforcement
of states'
