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ARTICLE · 12 NOVEMBER 2026

Watch This Space: Technology, Mining Innovation And Emerging Legal Risks

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer LLP
Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer LLP
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Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer LLP

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer LLP

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As mining operations become increasingly dependent on satellite connectivity, Earth observation, and AI-driven navigation systems, new commercial risks and potential sources of dispute are emerging across the sector. This article examines the principal space technologies now embedded throughout mining lifecycles and explores how international arbitration may be uniquely positioned to resolve the complex, cross-border disputes they generate.

GlobalEnergy and Natural Resources

With the commercial sector accounting for approximately 78% of the global space economy in 2024, and the global space economy being projected to grow from approximately US$630 billion in 2023 to around US$1.8 trillion by 2035 according to McKinsey, interest in space continues to expand beyond an industry that was once characterised by state-led exploration.

Its implications now extend well beyond the aerospace industry, influencing sectors such as telecommunications, logistics, data analytics, climate resilience, and other critical infrastructure technologies.

Mining is one of the sectors being most profoundly transformed by the global space economy. Space technologies (spanning from satellite connectivity, Earth observation, AI-driven data analysis, and satellite navigation) are now embedded across the full lifecycle of mining operations, from initial exploration through to site closure and restoration.

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