Emerging technologies and government focus on security will drive new entrants and consolidation in the sector, but the realities of procurement remain a political and commercial challenge
US Secretary of State and National Security Advisor Marco Rubio struck a conciliatory tone during his speech at the Munich Security Conference in February, though the underlying message for European leaders was the same: the continent’s defence capacity must meet the challenge of a new global environment.
Europe has responded with spending promises, pledges to remove red tape holding back defence procurement, and overtures towards greater coordination on security strategy.
The Ukraine war and a changing relationship with the US has given European governments a sense of urgency. Further conflicts and tensions elsewhere have globalised the trend. World-wide defence spending grew from US$ 2.48 trillion in 2024 to US$ 2.63 trillion in 2025, with Europe increasing spending by 12.6% year on year (to