In the age of globalization, commercial dumping is no
longer a one-way phenomenon flowing from foreign producers toward
domestic markets. A more complex pattern has emerged—reverse
dumping—where the host country of foreign investment becomes
the source of exports accused of being sold abroad at unfairly low
prices.
In this scenario, the state itself is neither the supporter nor
the architect of such pricing; rather, it is the foreign investor
who exploits the host nation's territory as a low-cost
manufacturing base, while setting prices and profit margins from
its headquarters overseas.
This phenomenon occurs most clearly in labor-intensive sectors
such as textiles and ready-made garments, where foreign companies
benefit from cheap labor, subsidized energy, tax exemptions, and
preferential trade agreements. They then export their products to
global markets at prices below their true or international value.
When anti-dumping investigations are launched abroad, the
