Egypt entered a Macro-Financial Assistance (MFA) arrangement with the European Union of up to EUR 4 billion, subject to the implementation of structural and economic reforms. A central pillar of these reforms concerns the strengthening of competition law enforcement, with particular emphasis on market efficiency, transparency, and competitive neutrality. In this context, the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA) is a key institutional actor responsible for delivering a substantial part of the competition-related reform commitments.
Under the MFA, Egypt is expected to enhance its competition regime through more effective merger control, stricter prevention of anti-competitive practices, and the promotion of a level playing field between state-owned and private undertakings. The reform agenda also foresees the development and issuance of interpretative and procedural guidance by the ECA, aimed at increasing legal certainty and regulatory predictability. These include guidelines on trade
