In October 2025, The Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA) published guidelines on the application of the Egyptian Competition Law to digital markets (Guidelines). The Guidelines do not introduce new legal obligations. They clarify how the ECA intends to apply existing competition rules to platforms and other digital businesses—covering market definition, market power assessment, prohibited conduct, and compliance expectations.
Digital markets require a different lens
Digital markets have structural characteristics that distinguish them from other markets and that impact on how competition is assessed. In the Guidelines the ECA identifies seven defining features in this respect: multi-sidedness, network effects, data access, economies of scale, economies of scope, zero-pricing strategies, and the ability of users to multi-home.
