Currently, through the operation of the refundable dividend tax
on hand (RDTOH) rules, a portion of the tax paid on passive income
earned by a private corporation is refunded when the corporation
pays dividends. The refund is available regardless of whether the
dividends paid are eligible dividends (generally from active
business income taxed at the general income tax rate) or
non-eligible dividends (generally from passive investment income
and active business income taxed at the small business tax
rate).
As of January 1, 2019, changes to the RDTOH rules will limit the
dividend refund to (1) non-eligible dividends paid by the
corporation and (2) Part IV tax on eligible portfolio dividends
received by the corporation.