Although pharmaceutical counterfeiting has not, historically,
been a problem of significant magnitude in Canada, with counterfeit
health products on the rise globally, fraudulent drugs are
increasingly showing up in Canada's supply chain, not only
through unregulated Internet sites, but also through legitimate
licensed pharmacies. For example, in August of 2015, US government
prosecutors indicted online Canadian pharmacy Canada Drugs Ltd. on
an array of charges, including the sale of counterfeit versions of
the cancer drug Avastin to doctors across the United States.
Until recently, Canada did not have an effective regime for
enforcement against counterfeit pharmaceuticals and other
counterfeit goods. However, Canada's anti-counterfeit regime
recently received a significant overhaul with the coming into force
of Bill C-8, the Combatting Counterfeit Products Act (the CCPA).
The CCPA, which was part of a broader set of significant amendments
to Canadian copyright and
