Restructuring & Insolvency: 2022 Year in Review

Voluntary Administration under Part 5.3A of the Corporations Act 2001 offers Australian companies a formal insolvency process where an independent liquidator investigates whether the business can be preserved. During this process, most unsecured claims are stayed while creditors, employees, and secured parties navigate distinct rights and exceptions. Understanding the strategic timing for directors, the decision-making power of creditors, and the specific protections available to employees proves critical t

Trust structures can protect assets held for others, but they do not shield a bankrupt person's own entitlements, trustee indemnity rights, or transfers made to defeat creditors. The deed, financial records and transaction history determine whether trust property remains outside the bankruptcy estate or becomes available to creditors through beneficial interests, indemnity claims, or voidable transaction recovery.

Under Australia's bankruptcy system, there is no limit on how much income a bankrupt person can earn, though they may be required to make compulsory contributions if their after-tax income exceeds statutory thresholds. This article examines how income contribution calculations work, what thresholds apply based on the number of dependants, and why the system balances creditor interests with maintaining a reasonable standard of living for bankrupt individuals.

An undischarged bankrupt faces strict legal obligations including cooperating with trustees, disclosing all property and financial changes, and obtaining consent before international travel. What are the criminal penalties for breaching these restrictions, and how can early disclosure and proper legal advice help navigate trustee negotiations more effectively than denial or delay?

Bankruptcy trustees can challenge pre-bankruptcy transactions under sections 120, 121, and 122 of the Bankruptcy Act 1966, targeting undervalued transfers, creditor-defeating arrangements, and preferential payments. Understanding the statutory tests, timing rules, and evidentiary requirements is essential for recipients facing clawback demands, as market value alone does not guarantee protection and poor documentation can prove decisive.

A winding up application seeks a court order placing a company into liquidation. An unanswered statutory demand commonly creates the presumption of insolvency used to support it. The ordinary demand period is 21 days, and the current statutory minimum is $4,000. A company challenging the demand must apply, file its supporting affidavit and serve both documents within the statutory deadline.

When a creditor seeks to make an individual bankrupt through a sequestration order, the process involves strict statutory requirements including judgment thresholds, bankruptcy notices, and court scrutiny. Understanding the procedural steps, potential defects, and strategic alternatives is essential for both creditors pursuing debt recovery and debtors facing insolvency proceedings.

A statutory demand is one of the fastest and most powerful tools for recovering undisputed debts from Australian companies, engaging insolvency provisions that give debtors just 21 days to respond. While it creates significant commercial pressure that often leads to payment or negotiated resolution, it must be used carefully for genuinely undisputed debts to avoid being set aside and incurring adverse costs.

Small business restructuring under Part 5.3B of the Corporations Act 2001 offers eligible insolvent companies with liabilities under $1 million a streamlined path to propose creditor compromises...

Bankruptcy restrictions in Australia govern what undischarged bankrupts can and cannot do during the typical three-year bankruptcy period. While most people can continue working and earning income, they must obtain written trustee consent before overseas travel, disclose bankruptcy for transactions above the indexed threshold, and refrain from managing corporations without court leave. Understanding these restrictions—from employment and business operations to credit disclosure and asset dealings̵

The Albanese Government has released draft legislation that would fundamentally reshape how Australian employers use restrictive covenants and competitive agreements. The proposed Competition and Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Banning Unfair Non-Competes) Bill 2026 seeks to prohibit or strictly regulate no-poach agreements, wage-fixing arrangements, non-compete clauses, and co-worker non-solicitation terms.

Recent Australian workplace reforms have fundamentally altered enterprise bargaining dynamics, introducing new mechanisms like intractable bargaining determinations and expanded Commission powers to amend agreements. How should employers navigate these changes to develop effective bargaining strategies while managing risks associated with mandatory terms, genuine agreement principles, and the better off overall test?

The Australian Government has announced plans to legislate mandatory AI safety and security protections for frontier AI companies operating in Australia, establishing a new targeted regulator to enforce compliance. The proposed framework will require companies to maintain security controls, identify risks, allow independent evaluations, and rapidly report incidents, though key details regarding definitions, thresholds, and penalties remain to be determined through consultation and drafting.

From 1 October 2026, foreign vendors in transactions valued at $50 million or more must notify the Australian Taxation Office when providing non-indirect Australian real property interest declarations. These new requirements introduce strict notification deadlines, comprehensive reporting obligations, and significant penalties for non-compliance. How will these reforms impact transaction planning, risk allocation between parties, and completion mechanics for cross-border deals?

The Full Federal Court has clarified the test for copyright infringement in artistic works on product packaging, rejecting a generalised 'look and feel' approach in favour of detailed side-by-side comparisons. In a dispute between Aldi and Hampden Holdings over baby snack packaging, the Court found that five of Aldi's eleven MAMIA designs infringed copyright, despite Aldi's deliberate strategy to stay 'not too close' to its competitor's benchmark designs.

South Australia has announced a Royal Commission into Artificial Intelligence, set to commence in October 2026 and deliver findings by July 2027. The inquiry will examine AI's economic and social impacts across policy, education, public services, workforce transformation, and infrastructure. Businesses using or developing AI should prepare for potential regulatory reforms and consider engaging with the inquiry process.

Recent decision provides clarity on key legal principles relevant to the financial services licensing regime in Australia.

Government introduced into Parliament legislation to create a standalone Cyber Security Act.

Australia's private credit market faces its first genuine stress cycle as property transaction velocity slows and ASIC intensifies regulatory scrutiny. With delayed exits, extended loan maturities, and increased workout activity creating pressure across the sector, fund managers and trustees must now navigate both commercial challenges and heightened enforcement risk while ensuring their governance frameworks can withstand regulatory examination.

Australian patent law requires all patents to be novel—meaning the invention must be new when compared with prior art existing before the priority date. A single prior disclosure that lacks novelty can invalidate a patent claim, jeopardizing licensing agreements, freedom-to-operate assessments, and infringement actions.