Equal treatment wage rules for federally regulated employers
Written by:Duncan Burns-ShillingtonGarrett Ladd (Summer Student) At a glance Effective 20 October 2026, new “Equal Treatment” wage rules under the Canada Labour Code (the Code) will require equal pay for employees regardless of employment status (full-time, part-time, permanent, or temporary). Employers must avoid differences in wage rates based on an employee’s employment status where the …
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Federally regulated employers face a new era for non-compete clauses under Bill C-31
Authors:Struan RobertsonGarrett Ladd (Student) Bill C-31’s proposed amendments to the Canada Labour Code signal a shift in the regulation of workplace restrictive covenants in Canada. If enacted, the legislation would significantly limit the use of non-compete clauses for federally regulated employers and continue a broader national trend favouring employee mobility and labour market competition.
Executive Order No. 407/2026 issues new regulations for Argentina’s employment laws
Written by:Alberto RubioMaría Florencia Labarile On June 1, 2026, Executive Order No. 407/2026 (Order) was published in Argentina’s Official Gazette, implementing regulations for various provisions of the Employment Contract Law No. 20,744 (LCT), as amended by the Labor Modernization Act No. 27,802, in addition to regulations governing collective bargaining (Law No. 14,250), trade union organizations (Law …
Puerto Rico Supreme Court validates non-compete clauses in independent contractor agreements
Written by:Janine GuzmánLeonardo Nuñez For the first time, the Puerto Rico Supreme Court has upheld the validity of non-compete clauses in contracts with independent contractors, specifically in the healthcare sector, and, in doing so, it has established the framework for their enforcement. In this alert, we outline the Court’s opinion in MCG Therapy Group LLC v. Maestre Rivera and …
Juntos – June 2026 Updates on Antitrust and Competition Enforcement in Latin America
Regional Spanish CNMC hosts annual meeting of Ibero-American Association of Energy Regulatory Authorities and adopts Madrid Declaration. In May 2026, the Spanish Competition Authority (CNMC), which is also the energy regulator in Spain, hosted the annual meeting of the Ibero-American Association of Energy Regulatory Authorities (Asociación Iberoamericana de Entidades Reguladoras de la Energía, or ARIAE). Regulators …
Jenec: the limits of automatic de-risking in EU banking law
On 11 June 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “Court”) delivered its judgment in Case C-81/24, Jenec. The case concerned the relationship between the right of access to a payment account with basic features under Directive 2014/92/EU (the “Payment Accounts Directive”) and the AML/CFT obligations imposed on financial institutions under Directive …
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COGNITIVE SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: CONTROL OVER THE INFRASTRUCTURES OF KNOWLEDGE AS A NEW FACTOR OF POWER
ABSTRACT: This article proposes cognitive sovereignty as a legal, economic and geopolitical category indispensable to understanding the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Its central thesis is that artificial intelligence shifts digital sovereignty toward a cognitive sovereignty, because power no longer resides in the command of data, in physical infrastructure or in computing capacity alone, but in …
Dear Founder: Tie your shoes before you start the race
Authors:Michael ReidBecky Rock The Silicon Valley rallying cry “move fast and break things” has become a kind of creed for several generations of founders. It appears on office walls, punctuates pitch decks, and often serves as justification for rushed decisions. There is truth in it: startups that stall in analysis paralysis rarely succeed. Speed matters. …
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Bank of Canada to publish Retail Payment Activities Act enforcement decisions
Authors:Eric Belli-BivarWayne CenteAlison Petten (Student) On June 12, 2026, the Bank of Canada announced that it will begin publishing Notices of Violation (NOVs) issued to payment service providers (PSPs) subject to the Retail Payment Activities Act (the RPAA).
“Can I see your ID?”: Québec limits energy drinks to 16+
Written by:Amy PressmanFrançois TremblayMiles Schaffrick On June 11, 2026, Québec’s National Assembly passed Bill 9, An Act to prevent the harmful effects of energy drinks on the health of young people (collectively, the Bill and the Act), making Québec the first jurisdiction in North America to restrict access to energy drinks by age. The legislation, which received Royal …
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