Overview of the Anti-Unfair Competition System
Legislation The Anti-Unfair Competition Law is enacted to promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy, encourage and protect fair competition, prevent and stop unfair competition, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of business operators and consumers.
Landmark Federal Court Ruling Reshapes Foreign Arbitral Award Enforcement in Malaysia: The Tumpuan Megah Decision
A Game-Changing Decision for International Arbitration On 13 August 2025, Malaysia’s Federal Court delivered a watershed judgment that fundamentally clarifies how foreign arbitral awards can be enforced in Malaysia.
New QFMA Code Strengthens Corporate Governance for Listed Companies
On 4 August 2025, the Board of Directors of the Qatar Financial Markets Authority (“QFMA”) issued Decision no. 5 of 2025, issuing the Governance Code of Listed Companies (the “New Code”).
THE RBI’S DIGITAL LENDING DIRECTIONS, 2025: A UNIFIED CODE FOR A FRAGMENTED SECTOR?
Introduction The Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”) has issued the Reserve Bank of India (Digital Lending) Directions, 2025 (“Directions”). These Directions came into effect on 8th May 2025, with the exception of provisions relating to multi-lender arrangements, which will be effective from 1st November 2025, and the reporting requirements concerning Digital Lending Apps (“DLAs”), which …
Digital products and services for all? The scope, first days, and big questions around the European Accessibility Act
The European Accessibility Act (EAA) (Directive (EU) 2019/882) made headlines recently for entering into practical application on the 28th June 2025, and thereby setting common accessibility requirements across the European Union for selected digital products and services. While the EEA has been in the works for a while now, what is of more interest is …
EMIR 3 in Polish jurisdiction. OTC derivative instruments
EMIR 3 in terms of the core EMIR regulation – the most important bullet points based on the experience of KIEŁTYKA GŁADKOWSKI KG LEGAL in advising global clients in the Polish jurisdiction in the field of derivative instruments traded over the counter.
Primacy of fair market value assessments in intragroup share transfers
Introduction In the recent case of Bray Controls South East Asia Pte Ltd v. Commissioner of Income (International Taxation), W.P.(C) 17911/2024, the Delhi High Court (the “HC”) examined an intragroup transfer of shares and highlighted the importance of a legally compliant valuation report in determining tax liability in India. The petitioner, Bray Controls South East …
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Potential Custodial Sentencing for Directors in India: Enhancing Accountability?
Introduction India’s company laws are a rare phenomenon in Asia as far as the codification of directorial duties are concerned. Section 166 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the “Indian Framework”), which prescribes the law on the duties of a company’s directors, places wide reliance on the virtues of good faith and diligence in dealing with …
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Kazakhstan employment regulations on executive body dismissal
Nurzhan Stamkulov, Ali Dautalinov, Assem Zhaksylykbayeva Lawyers, Synergy Partners Law Firm LLC In this article we prepared an overview of the regulations related to executive body dismissal in limited liability company in Kazakhstan. This issue combines two practice areas: employment legislation and corporate legislation. Kazakhstan employment legislation Article 52.23 of Kazakhstan Employment Code stipulates that …
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Corporate PPAs: a modern alternative to “green” tariffs
Corporate PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements) are gaining popularity not only worldwide, but also in Ukraine. These are direct contracts under which electricity from renewable sources is sold not to the government, as was the case under the “green” tariff, but directly to private companies – end consumers. EU countries and the US have been moving …
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