The Four Labour Codes and Their Rules: A Complete Guide for Karnataka’s Manufacturing Sector
Introduction On 21 November 2025, the Ministry of Labour and Employment notified India’s four Labour Codes, the Code on Wages, 2019 (Wage Code); the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (IR Code); the Code on Social Security, 2020 (SS Code); and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (OSH Code), bringing one of the most …
Deposition of the Export Earnings for the Export Companies in Myanmar
INTRODUCTION Before 2026, the Central Bank of Myanmar issued several notifications specifying percentage of the export earnings that export companies were required to deposit. Pursuant to these notifications, exporters were required to deposit a specified portion of their total export earnings for conversion into Myanmar currency, namely 65% (August 2022), 50% and 35% (July and …
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Understanding the Legal Framework and Registration of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) in Cambodia: Key Compliance Considerations for Investors
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”) are increasingly used by investors to expand business operations, restructure their business, and enter new markets. In Cambodia, M&A transactions are regulated through a combination of corporate, competition, investment, and taxation regulation rather than a single comprehensive statute.
Legal Analysis: VAT Increase in Real Estate – Who Pays the Difference and Who Can Take Legal Action
The Real Estate VAT Crisis: Fiscal Impact, Contractual Liabilities, and Legal Solutions Starting August 1st, a tax increase will come into effect, raising the vat rate from 9% and 19% to 21% for new residential properties regardless of their value. This change has caused unrest in the real estate market and raised numerous questions regarding the applicability of the new …
Tensions Between Shareholders in Difficult Economic Times: What the Law Says and How a Commercial Lawyer in Romania Can Help
Partnership Agreement: How to Prevent Shareholder Conflicts in Times of Crisis In today’s economic climate, more and more entrepreneurs choose to enter into a general partnership to start a company. One may become a shareholder by contributing to the share capital of a newly established company, by acquiring shares through assignment, or via inheritance. Regardless of how …
The Wave of Financial Arrears Hits the Romanian Economy. How Can Companies Recover Outstanding Amounts Quickly and Legally (Statistics)
How to Protect Your Financial Rights and Recover Funds Using an Effective Legal Strategy In an increasingly uncertain economic climate, protecting a company’s financial interests is no longer optional—it is a necessity. Businesses across Romania are facing a growing wave of unpaid claims, and without early legal intervention, these delays can result in significant losses.
The Land and Property Crisis in Cities: Neighbor Disputes, Cadastral Issues, and City Hall Refusals
Legal Challenges in Real Estate The rapid urban growth and continuous expansion of construction in major Romanian cities generate an increasing volume of real estate disputes, neighbor disputes, boundary conflicts, and administrative blockages. From the perspective of a law firm specialized in real estate, such problems require firm legal interventions based on the current legislative framework.
Reduction of the tax for microenterprises – legal solutions for entrepreneurs at company incorporation or for existing businesses
Essential legal assistance for an efficient transition to the microenterprise tax regime Starting with 2025, the fiscal regime applicable to microenterprise has undergone significant changes, marking a reduction in the tax level for microenterprise, a measure that can bring benefits to entrepreneurs, especially those who are starting their journey or looking to optimize the structure of their existing company. …
In January 2026, the Intellectual Property Divisions of the Tokyo District Court (the “TDC IP Division”) published their “Guidelines for Standard Essential Patents Judicial Mediation (SEPJM)” (the “Guidelines”) which follows the earlier publication of the TDC IP Division’s “Guidelines for Patent Infringement Lawsuits Involving Standard Essential Patents” (the “SEP Lawsuit Guidelines”) , . The Guidelines announced the TDC IP Division’s decision to implement judicial mediation for dispute cases involving standard essential patents (“SEPs”; and such mediation, “SEP Judicial Mediation”), as a special procedure under the intellectual property judicial mediation procedure , and set out important points regarding the SEP Judicial Mediation. According to the Guidelines, SEP Judicial Mediation is intended to resolve SEP related disputes including disputes over the licensing royalty under fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (“FRAND”) terms for the SEP holder’s entire global SEP portfolio (such royalty hereinafter referred to as the “Global FRAND Royalty”), on a global basis (i.e., not limited to disputes that arise in Japan) in a more expeditious manner than a SEP Lawsuit administered under the SEP Lawsuit Guidelines. In addition, where a settlement is not reached through mediation, the Guidelines address a point that is expected to influence consideration of the abuse of rights defense (the so-called FRAND defense) in a subsequent lawsuit or preliminary injunction proceeding. Accordingly, the Guidelines will likely have a significant impact on strategies for SEP-related disputes including whether parties should choose to bring a SEP Lawsuit initially or file a petition for SEP Judicial Mediation. We provide below a basic flowchart (with comments) describing the presumed progression of proceedings in a SEP Judicial Mediation in light of the Guidelines, and notable points regarding the Guidelines.
In January 2026, the Intellectual Property Divisions of the Tokyo District Court (the “TDC IP Division”) published their “Guidelines for Standard Essential Patents Judicial Mediation (SEPJM)” (the “Guidelines”)[1] which follows the earlier publication of the TDC IP Division’s “Guidelines for Patent Infringement Lawsuits Involving Standard Essential Patents” (the “SEP Lawsuit Guidelines”)[2],[3].
Publication of “Guidelines for Standard Essential Patents Judicial Mediation (SEPJM)” by the Intellectual Property Divisions of the Tokyo District Court
In January 2026, the Intellectual Property Divisions of the Tokyo District Court (the “TDC IP Division”) published their “Guidelines for Standard Essential Patents Judicial Mediation (SEPJM)” (the “Guidelines”)[1] which follows the earlier publication of the TDC IP Division’s “Guidelines for Patent Infringement Lawsuits Involving Standard Essential Patents” (the “SEP Lawsuit Guidelines”)[2],[3].