(i) The DMA: New rules for "digital gatekeepers"
European Union's ("EU") Digital Markets Act
("DMA") entered into force on 1 November 2022. The DMA
rules apply to the providers of certain pre-defined core platform
services that qualify as "gatekeepers". Most of the
provisions will be applicable as of 2 May 2023 when the gatekeeper
designation procedure will start. Thereupon, providers designated
as gatekeepers will have to notify the European Commission
("EC") within 2 months and to comply with a range of
obligations and prohibitions within 6 months of their designation
as gatekeepers.1
To meet the definition of gatekeeper, a company must offer a
"core platform service" (CPS) which is defined as online
intermediation services, online search engines, online social
network services, video-sharing platform services,
number-independent interpersonal communication services, operating
systems, cloud computing services, web browsers, virtual assistant
or online