Issues To Consider When Drafting Guarantee Agreements

In today's globalized trade environment, many companies engage in commercial relations with other firms and conduct international trade.

Kambiyo senetleri; poliçe, bono ve çekten oluşan, ticaret hayatında önemli bir yere sahip kıymetli evrak türleridir. Bu senetler, alacakların güvence altına alınması, ticari işlemlerin hızlandırılması ve ekonomik dolaşımın kolaylaştırılması bakımından büyük işlev görmektedir. Türk hukukunda kambiyo senetleri, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda (“TTK”) poliçe, bono ve çek olmak üzere üç ayrı başlık altında düzenlenmiştir.

Turkish competition enforcement has entered a phase in which the Authority's most consequential interventions increasingly arrive before, rather than after, a finding of infringement. This Summer 2026 edition covers eight developments spanning digital markets policy, merger remedies, physical access to retail infrastructure, labour market information exchange, AI distribution channels, procedural cooperation obligations and the transition between fining regimes.

Oracle Corporation, the American technology giant, agreed to pay the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") $22.9 million as the result of the investigation to resolve charges...

One of the economic purposes of joint stock companies is to generate profits through their business activities and to distribute such profits among their shareholders in accordance with the rules stipulated by law and the articles of association.

The Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (“CMB” or the “Board”), through its principle decision No. i-SPK.15.2 (dated 03.09.2026 and numbered 54/1614) (“Resolution”), has lowered to 3% the minimum shareholding disclosure threshold under the Material Events Disclosure Commu-niqué No. II-15.1 (“Communiqué”). The Reso-lution will apply as from the end of the day on 11.09.2026.

This article examines the establishment and continuing management of a foreign business presence in Türkiye. It compares subsidiaries, branches and liaison offices, and considers capital, corporate documentation, governance, representative authority, investment reporting, work authorisation and data protection. Judicial decisions concerning corporate organisation and management duties are considered in their relevant context. The analysis argues that the choice of vehicle should follow the proposed activity, ownership arrangements and expected life of the investment. Effective legal preparation connects incorporation with the company's subsequent compliance, financing, decision-making and exit arrangements rather than treating registration as the final objective.

Serbest fonlar başta olmak üzere yatırım fonlarının fiili dolaşımdaki pay oranı düşük şirketlerde oluşturdukları yoğunlaşma sebebiyle piyasada oluşan yapısal risklerin giderilmesi amacıyla SPK, hem bu oranın hesaplanmasına ilişkin kuralları hem de yatırım fonlarının yatırım sınırlamalarını yeniden ve detaylı şekilde düzenlemiştir. Bu yazıda özellikle fiili dolaşımdaki pay oranına ilişkin değerlendirmelerimize yer verilmiştir.

Turkey's e-commerce sector achieved a historic milestone in 2025, with transaction volume reaching 4.57 trillion TL—a 52.2% year-over-year increase. The Ministry of Trade's comprehensive report reveals how artificial intelligence integration, quick commerce models, and sustainability initiatives are reshaping consumer behavior and business operations.

Within the scope of the European Green Deal, which constitutes one of the key elements of the European Union’s (“EU”) policies to combat climate change, the EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve a climate-neutral economy by 2050.

The Turkish Competition Board (the “Board”) has imposed interim measures on Meta Platforms, Inc., Meta Platforms Ireland Limited, WhatsApp LLC and Meta Platforms İstanbul Bilişim Hizmetleri Limited Şirketi (collectively, “Meta”) in connection with amendment to the WhatsApp Business Solution Terms that barred third-party general-purpose generative AI chatbots and assistants from using WhatsApp where AI was the primary service offered to users.

Recent amendments have been introduced to Law No. 5651 on the Regulation of Broadcasts via the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed Through Such Broadcasts (Law No. 5651) through the Law on Amendments to the Social Services Law and Certain Laws, which was published on 1 May 2026. For the first time under Turkish legislation, the concepts of game platform, game distributor, and game developer have been expressly defined. In addition, new online safety obligations have been imposed on social network providers.

Serbest fonlar başta olmak üzere yatırım fonlarının fiili dolaşımdaki pay oranı düşük şirketlerde oluşturdukları yoğunlaşma sebebiyle piyasada oluşan yapısal risklerin giderilmesi amacıyla SPK, hem bu oranın hesaplanmasına ilişkin kuralları hem de yatırım fonlarının yatırım sınırlamalarını yeniden ve detaylı şekilde düzenlemiştir. Bu yazıda özellikle fiili dolaşımdaki pay oranına ilişkin değerlendirmelerimize yer verilmiştir.

Türk usul hukukunda genel ilke, kanunda aksi öngörülmedikçe, usule ilişkin sürelerin tebliğ ile başlamasıdır. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu (HMK), İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu ve çeşitli diğer kanunlar uyarınca, taraflara yönelik usul işlemlerine ilişkin kanuni süreler, kararın veya ilgili işlemin usulüne uygun şekilde tebliğ edildiği tarihten itibaren işlemeye başlar.

On July 10, 2023, the European Union ("EU")-United States of America ("US") adequacy decision for adequate level of protection regarding the transfer of personal data under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework ("DPF") was formally adopted by the European Commission.

On 2 August 2026, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the “EU AI Act” or “Act”) became generally applicable. Although Türkiye is not subject to the EU AI Act, the Act’s extraterritorial reach covers a broad spectrum of Turkish companies, ranging from software vendors and outsourcing providers to industrial manufacturers that integrate AI into products exported to the EU market.

Crypto assets and their underlying technologies are reshaping the global financial system. Yet the legal nature of crypto assets, their economic implications, and the risks they pose to financial stability have led states to adopt markedly different regulatory approaches. Despite sharing similar economic structures and a common ambition to position themselves as financial hubs, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (the Gulf Cooperation Council) (GCC) countries have not converged on a uniform regulatory framework for crypto assets.

Investment commitments are gaining attention as a novel approach to merger control, reflecting a global shift in how competition authorities assess the long-term effects of the transactions.

The Presidential Decree, amending Decree No. 32 on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency ...

Son dönemde yatırım fonlarının kendi aralarında yaptıkları işlemler ile Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören ve fiili dolaşımdaki pay oranı düşük olan şirketlerin paylarına yaptıkları yatırımlar sebebiyle piyasada oluşan yapısal risklerin giderilmesi amacıyla, Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu (SPK), 28 Ağustos 2026 tarihli İlke Kararı ile Yatırım Fonlarına İlişkin Rehber’de kapsamlı değişiklikler yapmıştır. Değişiklikler; serbest fonların yatırım ve organizasyon esasları, repo ve para piyasası işlemleri, kamuyu aydınlatma yükümlülükleri ile portföy yönetim şirketlerinin operasyonel yükümlülükleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmakta olup ayrıca Rehber’e murabaha işlemleri, yurt içi organize