Crypto and Web3 technologies were built to reduce dependence on centralised intermediaries.

Commercial law constitutes the legal architecture of market transactions, regulating contracts, corporations, trade, competition, and the exchange of goods and services...

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the lifeblood of India's industrial landscape, contributing around 29% to the nation's GDP and employing over 110 million people.

Over the past three decades, the Indian banking and financial sector has undergone significant transformation in its consumer grievance redressal framework. The Banking Ombudsman mechanism has evolved from a limited administrative system addressing basic service complaints into a centralised, technology-driven, quasi-judicial mechanism. These changes reflect the evolving regulatory philosophy of the Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”), shaped by economic liberalisation, expansion of financial markets, and rapid technological advancement.

At King Stubb & Kasiva, we increasingly see promoters confronting a reality that was once considered exceptional: corporate insolvency in India can translate into personal exposure.

RERA introduced a sector-specific regulatory regime aimed at institutionalising transparency, financial discipline, and accountability in real estate development. Nearly a decade after its enactment, the law has reshaped industry practices, triggered significant litigation, and influenced investment patterns in the sector.

India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), together with the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 notified in November 2025, has reshaped how organisations manage personal data. A core principle is that the Data Fiduciary remains fully accountable even when personal data is shared with or processed by vendors and other third parties.

The resurgence of geopolitical conflict involving Iran, Israel, and the United States has once again foregrounded the vulnerability of international commercial arrangements to external shocks. For Indian businesses engaged in cross-border trade, energy procurement, logistics, and manufacturing, the ripple effects of such a conflict ranging from disrupted shipping routes to sanctions and supply shortages, pose significant challenges to contractual performance.

Compulsorily Convertible Preference Shares (CCPS) remain one of the most widely used instruments for venture capital and private equity investments in Indian companies. Their appeal lies in the ability to combine equity classification with negotiated economic and governance protections. But CCPS are not governed by a single, standalone statutory framework. Their legal treatment is instead shaped by the Companies Act, FEMA and foreign investment rules, tax law, and, where applicable, SEBI regulations.

The merger control regime in India has undergone significant transformation following recent reforms under the Competition Act, 2002. Pursuant to the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023 and subsequent regulations operationalised in 2024, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) has introduced a more structured, modern, and principle-driven framework for reviewing combinations.

One of the most gabbed and appalling legislation in recent times has been the development of the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, 2016 ("IBC") as a recovery mechanism.

A registered design can be one of the most valuable intellectual property assets of a business. It may be the shape of a bottle, the pattern on a fabric, the configuration of a furniture piece, or the ornamentation of a consumer product that makes it recognisable in a crowded market. When a competitor copies that design and commercialises an identical or deceptively similar product, the resulting harm may extend beyond lost sales to the erosion of the exclusivity associated with the design.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged vividly as a progressive segment in recent times.

Professional services firms regularly share client information with tax authorities, regulators, courts and tribunals as part of legal or regulatory requirements.

Global Capability Centres (“GCCs”) in India are at an inflection point. With over 1,800 centres employing nearly two million professionals and generating approximately USD 64.6 billion in revenue as of 2024, the sector accounts for roughly 35 percent of India’s technology services workforce and over 1.6 percent of national GDP.

Background verification has become one of the more data-intensive processes undertaken by Indian employers. A single pre-employment check may involve identity documents, employment history, salary information, educational credentials, criminal antecedents, financial information and, in some cases, health-related information

Foreign subsidiary companies are required to pay income tax on their profits earned in India.

On June 18, 2026, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) notified the Foreign Exchange Management (Deposit) (Sixth Amendment) Regulations, 2026 through Notification No. FEMA 5(R)(6)/2026-RB. The amendments introduce significant changes to the Foreign Exchange Management (Deposit) Regulations, 2016, with a primary focus on liberalising the regulatory framework governing Special Non-Resident Rupee (SNRR) Accounts.

The Act, the Rules and the OGAI are therefore simultaneously operational. The prohibition provisions under Chapter III of the Act, the criminal penalties under Chapter V of the Act and the institutional framework under the Rules are all in effect. There is effectively no formal compliance window for core prohibitions and penalties; stakeholders should treat the regime as immediately operational and adjust business models without delay.

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is India's first dedicated legislation governing digital personal data.